Aptitudes percibidas por el médico de familia en la atención a pacientes inmigrantes / Skills perceived by general practitioners for providing care to immigrant patients

OBJETIVO: Conocer las aptitudes percibidas por los médicos de familia como competencia en la atención a las personas inmigrantes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal con recogida de datos mediante encuesta de 21 preguntas cumplimentada electrónicamente por médicos de familia y validada por la Comisión Nacional de Validación de SEMERGEN. Se estructuró con preguntas tipo test, cerradas, de opción múltiple de respuesta, incluyendo variables relacionadas con el médico y variables relacionadas con el paciente inmigrante. El grado de competencia profesional se valoró con una escala Likert, de 1 a 10. RESULTADOS: Respondieron la encuesta 610 médicos de familia, con una edad media de 47,5± 12,3 años; 64,1% mujeres. De ellos, 112 (18,4%) estaban en periodo de residencia. Tasa de respuesta 4,9%. El 72,6% no había realizado cursos de formación continuada en atención a personas inmigrantes en los últimos 5años. Los médicos contestaron que percibieron dificultad en la consulta: en el 73% de los casos con el idioma, en el 38,7% con el tiempo asignado y en el 32,3% con el conocimiento de la cultura. El 96,9% de los pacientes asistió a consulta por enfermedad común. En el 14,4% la causa estaba relacionada con el proceso migratorio (enfermedad infecciosa adquirida en el país de origen) y en el 26,4% con las condiciones de salud en el país de acogida (falta de vivienda estable, hacinamiento y condiciones de trabajo). El grado de competencia percibido fue de 6,2 ±1,9. CONCLUSIONES: La competencia percibida por el médico de familia en la atención a personas inmigrantes es moderada. Las barreras más importantes para estos profesionales son el desconocimiento del idioma, la falta de tiempo asignado para la consulta y el desconocimiento de la cultura del paciente

OBJECTIVE: To identify the skills perceived by general practitioners for providing competent care to immigrants MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with data collection using a 21-item questionnaire completed electronically by the general practitioners and validated by the National Validation Commission of SEMERGEN. It was structured with closed-ended, multiple-choice test questions, including variables related to the doctor and variables related to the immigrant patient. The level of professional competence was assessed using a 1 to 10 Likert scale. RESULTS: A total 610 family physicians with a mean age of 47.5±12.3 years responded and 64.1% were women. Of these, 112 (18.4%) were residents. The response rate was 4.9%. A large majority (72.6%) had not taken part in continuing education courses on caring for immigrants in the last 5years. Participants reported difficulties in the clinic: 73% of the cases with the language, 38.7% with the allotted time, and 32.3% due to knowledge of the culture. Most (96.9%) of patients attended the clinic due to a common illness. The cause in 14.4% was related to the migratory process (infectious disease acquired in the country of origin), and in 26.4% with the health conditions in the host country (lack of stable housing, overcrowding, and conditions of work). The perceived level of competence was 6.2±1.9. CONCLUSIONS: The competence perceived by general practitioners in providing care to immigrants is moderate. The most important barriers for these professionals are ignorance of the language, lack of time allocated for consultation, and ignorance of the patient's culture

[Skills perceived by general practitioners for providing care to immigrant patients]. / Aptitudes percibidas por el médico de familia en la atención a pacientes inmigrantes.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the skills perceived by general practitioners for providing competent care to immigrants MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with data collection using a 21-item questionnaire completed electronically by the general practitioners and validated by the National Validation Commission of SEMERGEN. It was structured with closed-ended, multiple-choice test questions, including variables related to the doctor and variables related to the immigrant patient. The level of professional competence was assessed using a 1 to 10 Likert scale. RESULTS: A total 610 family physicians with a mean age of 47.5±12.3 years responded and 64.1% were women. Of these, 112 (18.4%) were residents. The response rate was 4.9%. A large majority (72.6%) had not taken part in continuing education courses on caring for immigrants in the last 5years. Participants reported difficulties in the clinic: 73% of the cases with the language, 38.7% with the allotted time, and 32.3% due to knowledge of the culture. Most (96.9%) of patients attended the clinic due to a common illness. The cause in 14.4% was related to the migratory process (infectious disease acquired in the country of origin), and in 26.4% with the health conditions in the host country (lack of stable housing, overcrowding, and conditions of work). The perceived level of competence was 6.2±1.9. CONCLUSIONS: The competence perceived by general practitioners in providing care to immigrants is moderate. The most important barriers for these professionals are ignorance of the language, lack of time allocated for consultation, and ignorance of the patient's culture.

Biodegradation kinetics of BTE-OX and MTBE by a diesel-grown biomass.

The biodegradation kinetics of BTE-oX and MTBE, mixed all together in the presence of diesel-grown bioaugmented bacterial populations as high as 885 mg/L VSS, was evaluated. The effect of soil in aqueous samples and the effect of Tergitol NP-10 on substrate biodegradation rates were also evaluated. Biodegradation kinetics was evaluated for 54 h, every 6 h. All BTE-oX chemicals followed a first-order two-phase biodegradation kinetic model, whereas MTBE followed a zero-order removal kinetic model in all samples. BTE-oX removal rates were much higher than those of MTBE in all samples. The presence of soil in aqueous samples retarded BTE-oX and MTBE removal rates. The addition of Tergitol NP-10 to aqueous samples containing soil had a positive effect on substrate removal rate in all samples. Substrate percent removals ranged between 64.8-98.9% for benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene. O-xylene and MTBE percent removals ranged between 18.7-40.8% and 7.2-10.3%, respectively.