Profiles of Lamina Propria T Helper Cell Subsets Discriminate Between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Distinction between 2 forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), can be challenging. Aberrant mucosal immunity suggests that CD is a T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-driven disease, whereas UC as Th2-driven response. However, whether this paradigm truly distinguishes CD from UC is controversial. We aimed to clarify the discriminating potential of lamina propria Th subsets in patients with IBD. METHODS: Biopsies from 79 patients with IBD and 20 healthy controls were collected for Th subsets analysis (Th1:interferon γ [IFN-γ], T-bet; Th2:interleukin 13 [IL-13], Gata3; Th17:IL-17, RORγt; Treg:FoxP3). The receiver-operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess the discriminating ability by calculating the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. The equation with the highest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was applied to newly diagnosed patients to evaluate discriminating ability. RESULTS: Patients with CD showed increased IFN-γ or T-bet cells and decreased IL-13 or Gata3 cells compared with UC. A discriminant equation composed of 4 markers (IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-13, and Gata3) yielded the highest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. In 36 established CD or UC, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive probabilities were 92.6%, 55.6%, 86.2%, and 71.4% and in 14 newly diagnosed patients were 100.0%, 42.9%, 63.6%, and 100.0%. Furthermore, Gata3 cells were increased in tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy nonresponders compared with responders in CD. IFN-γ cells were directly and inversely proportional to disease activity in patients with CD and UC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Th1/Th2 paradigm can distinguish CD from UC and may be further associated with response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor in CD and disease activity in patients with IBD.

[Research on Radiation Spectrum of Pulverized Coal Combustion Flame].

In order to study on radiation spectrum of pulverized coal flame, radiation spectrums of pulverized coal flame on flat flame burner were measured with fiber optic spectrometer and the radiation characteristic was analyzed in detail. Distribution curves of radiation intensity of flame with wavelength were obtained based on Planck's Law and calibration by using blackbody furnace. Then, combustion parameters such as temperature and emissivity were calculated by using least square method. Therefore, the measurement method based on radiation spectrum of pulverized coal flame was proposed. And the experimental investigations on pulverized coal flame under different conditions were carried out with this method. The result shows that the radiation spectrum of pulverized coal flame is significant and continuous in the wavelength ranging from 200 to 1 100 nm. The temperature and emissivity of flame can be determined by using Planck's Law and least square method. Meanwhile, emission peaks of alkali metal such as sodium and potassium appear on the radiation spectrum of pulverized coal combustion flame near 590, 766, 769 and 779 nm, and the appearance of these emission lines is related with temperature. When the concentration of pulverized coal is increasing, the temperature of pulverized coal flame has a little change but the emissivity changes obviously. The intensity of radiation is increasing greatly with emissivity. It can provide important reference for combustion optimization of boiler.