Characterizations and morphology of sodium tungstate particles.

A solid-state reaction technique was used to synthesize polycrystalline Na2WO4. Preliminary X-ray studies revealed that the compound has a cubic structure at room temperature. The formation of the compound has been confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction studies and Raman spectroscopy. Electrical and dielectric properties of the compound have been studied using complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 209 Hz-1 MHz and temperature range 586-679 K. The impedance data were modellized by an equivalent circuit consisting of series of a combination of grains and grains boundary. We use complex electrical modulus M* at various temperatures to analyse dielectric data. The modulus plots are characterized by the presence of two relaxation peaks thermally activated. The morphologies and the average particle size of the resultant sodium tungstate sample were demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thicknesses and optical constants of the sample have been calculated using ellipsometric measurements in the range of 200-22 000 nm by means of new amorphous dispersion formula which is the objective of the present work. The results were obtained for Na2WO4 particles from experimental (EXP) and measured (FIT) data showed an excellent agreement. In addition, the energy gap of the Na2WO4 sample has been determined using ellipsometry and confirmed by spectrophotometry measurements.

Electrical, dielectric properties and study of AC electrical conduction mechanism of Li0.9□0.1NiV0.5P0.5O4.

In this paper, we report the measurements of impedance spectroscopy for a new olivine-type lithium deficiency Li0.9□0.1NiV0.5P0.5O4 compound. It was synthesized by the conventional solid-state technique. All the X-ray diffraction peaks of the compound are indexed, and it is found that the sample is well crystallized in orthorhombic olivine structure belonging to the space group Pnma. Conductivity and dielectric analyses of the sample are carried out at different temperatures and frequencies using the complex impedance spectroscopy technique. The electrical conductivity of Li0.9□0.1NiV0.5P0.5O4 is higher than that of parent compound LiNiV0.5P0.5O4. Temperature dependence of the DC conductivity and modulus was found to obey the Arrhenius law. The obtained values of activation energy are different which confirms that transport in the title compound is not due to a simple hopping mechanism. To determine the conduction mechanism, the AC conductivity and its frequency exponent have been analysed in this work by a theoretical model based on quantum mechanical tunnelling: the non-overlapping small polaron tunnelling model.

Monitoring dehydration of the organic-inorganic [(C3H7)4N][SnCl5(H2O)]·2H2O compound using simultaneous thermal and Raman studies.

In this work we report the experimental studies of the structural phase transition in the [(C3H7)4N]SnCl5(H2O)]·2H2O compound by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and Raman spectroscopic. The X-ray powder diffraction study of the [(C3H7)4N][SnCl5(H2O)]·2H2O sample at room temperature showed that this compound is monoclinic and has P121/c1 space group. Differential scanning calorimetric disclosed two types of phase transitions in the temperature range 356-376 (T1) K and at 393K (T2) characterized, by a loss of water molecules and probably a reconstruction of new anionic parts after T2 transition. The Raman scattering spectra recorded at various temperatures in the wavenumber range from 100 to 3800cm(-1) covering the domains of existence of changes in the vicinity of the two phase transitions detected by DSC measurement. A detailed study of the spectral parameters (wave number, reduced intensity and the full width at half maximum) as a function of temperature of a chosen band, associated with (νs(SnO)+νs(SnCl)), based on an order-disorder model allowed us to obtain information relative to the activation energy and correlation length.

Polarized Raman study of [N(C3H7)4]2Cd2Cl6 single crystal.

Chemical preparation, mid-infrared and Raman spectra of [N(C(3)H(7))(4)](2)Cd(2)Cl(6) are presented. Polarized Raman spectra of oriented single crystals have been recorded in the range 7-3900 cm(-1) under various polarization configurations with regard to the symmetry and the numbers of several band modes observed in the Raman and infrared spectra. The obtained results are consistent with the theoretical predictions based on the infrared and Raman selection rules.

Vibrational study of [(CH3)4N]2Cu0.5Zn0.5Cl4.

[(CH3)4N]2Zn0.5Cu0.5Cl4 shows an orthorhombic system at ambient temperature with P2(1)nb space group. At room temperature, the crystal consists of three sublattices constituted by MCl4 (M=Cu and Zn) and two tetramethylammoniums N1(CH3)4 and N2(CH3)4, which give rise to a total of 372 vibrational modes that transform according to the four irreductible representations of the C2v point group in the following way: Gamma(vib)=93(A1+A2+B1+B2). The infrared and Raman spectra of polycrystalline samples have been investigated at room temperature. The assignment of the observed bands is discussed.