Health-related quality of life (SF-36) in back pain: a population-based study, Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil.

Our study aimed at assessing back pain impact over health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This is a cross-sectional population-based study that analyzed 1,192 adults. The dependent variables were the SF-36 scales and the main independent variables was back pain characterized by location, number of back pain region, intensity, frequency and limitations. Simple and multiple linear regression models were performed to estimate the crude and adjusted beta-coefficients (gender, age, schooling and co-morbidity conditions). Back pain prevalence were 35.4%. For HRQoL, comparing people with/without back pain, we found weak associations for the physical component (ß = -3.6). However, strong associations were found for physical component (ß = -12.4) when there were concomitant pain in cervical, dorsal and lumbar sites and also associations with mental health scales. Daily pain was associated with physical (ß = -6.8) and mental (ß = -2.7) components. Important impact on physical componente summary was found for intense/very intense pain (ß = -7.9) and pain with severe limitation (ß = -11.5). The impacts over HRQoL were strong when back pain was followed by (1) multiple back sites, (2) with pain in mental componente summary, (3) daily complaints, (4) very intense pain and (5) severe limitations; these results have revealed the importance to measure specific factors related to back pain.

Health-related quality of life (SF-36) in back pain: a population-based study, Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (SF-36) e dor lombar: um estudo populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (SF-36) respecto al dolor de espalda: un estudio poblacional, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Our study aimed at assessing back pain impact over health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This is a cross-sectional population-based study that analyzed 1,192 adults. The dependent variables were the SF-36 scales and the main independent variables was back pain characterized by location, number of back pain region, intensity, frequency and limitations. Simple and multiple linear regression models were performed to estimate the crude and adjusted beta-coefficients (gender, age, schooling and co-morbidity conditions). Back pain prevalence were 35.4%. For HRQoL, comparing people with/without back pain, we found weak associations for the physical component (β = -3.6). However, strong associations were found for physical component (β = -12.4) when there were concomitant pain in cervical, dorsal and lumbar sites and also associations with mental health scales. Daily pain was associated with physical (β = -6.8) and mental (β = -2.7) components. Important impact on physical componente summary was found for intense/very intense pain (β = -7.9) and pain with severe limitation (β = -11.5). The impacts over HRQoL were strong when back pain was followed by (1) multiple back sites, (2) with pain in mental componente summary, (3) daily complaints, (4) very intense pain and (5) severe limitations; these results have revealed the importance to measure specific factors related to back pain.

O estudo buscou avaliar o impacto da dor lombar na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. O estudo populacional transversal analisou uma amostra de 1.192 adultos. As variáveis dependentes eram as escalas SF-36, e a principal variável independente era dor lombar, caracterizada de acordo com localização, número de regiões com dor lombar, intensidade, frequência e limitações. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão linear simples e multivariada para estimar os coeficientes beta, brutos e ajustados por sexo, idade, escolaridade, comorbidades e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. A prevalência de dor lombar era 35,4%. Em relação à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, a comparação de pessoas com e sem dor lombar mostrou associações fracas para o componente físico (β = -3,6). Entretanto, foram encontradas associações fortes para o componente físico (β = -12,4) quando havia dor concomitante nas regiões cervical, dorsal e lombar, além de associações com as escalas de saúde mental. A dor diária mostrou associação com os componentes físico (β = -6,8) e mental (β = -2,7). Foi identificado um impacto importante sobre o escore do domínio físico para dor intensa/muito intensa (β = -7,9) e dor com limitação grave (β = -11,5). Os impactos sobre qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde eram fortes quando a dor vinha acompanhada de: (1) múltiplos sítios, (2) dor no escore do domínio mental, (3) queixas diárias, (4) dor muito intensa e (5) limitações graves. Os resultados revelaram a importância de analisar fatores específicos relacionados à dor lombar.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del dolor de espalda sobre la calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud. Se trata de un estudio poblacional transversal. Este estudio analizó a 1.192 adultos. Las variables dependientes fueron las escalas SF-36 y las principales variables independientes fueron: dolor de espalda caracterizado por localización, región con número de afectados por dolor de espalda, intensidad, frecuencia y limitaciones. Se realizaron modelos de regresión simple y múltiple para estimar los coeficientes beta brutos y ajustados (por género, edad, escolarización y condiciones de comorbilidad), ajustados por género, edad, condiciones de comorbilidad y número de enfermedades crónicas. La prevalencia de dolor de espalda fue 35,4%. En el caso de calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud, comparando personal con/sin dolor de espalda, hallamos asociaciones débiles relacionadas con el componente físico (β = -3,6). No obstante, se encontraron asociaciones fuertes para el componente físico (β = -12,4), cuando existía dolor concomitante en las zonas cervicales, dorsales y lumbares y también asociaciones con escalas mentales de salud. El dolor diario estuvo asociado con componentes físicos (β = -6,8) y mentales (β = -2,7). Se encontró un importante impacto en componente físico por dolor intenso/muy intenso (β = -7,9) y dolor con una severa limitación (β = -11,5). Los impactos sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud fueron fuertes cuando el dolor de espalda estuvo seguido por (1) múltiples dolores en lugares de la espalda, (2) con dolor en componente mental, (3) quejas diarias, (4) dolor muy intenso y (5) limitaciones severas; estos resultados han revelado la importancia de medir factores específicos relacionados con el dolor de espalda.

Functional characterization of a serine protease inhibitor modulated in the infection of the Aedes aegypti with dengue virus.

During feeding with blood meal, female Aedes aegypti can transmit infectious agents, such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Dengue virus causes human mortality in tropical regions of the world, and there is no specific treatment or vaccine with maximum efficiency being used for these infections. In the vector-virus interaction, the production of several molecules is modulated by both mosquitoes and invading agents. However, little information is available about these molecules in the Ae. aegypti mosquito during dengue infection. Inhibitors of the pacifastin family have been described to participate in the immune response of insects and Pac2 is the only gene of this family present in Ae. aegypti being then chosen for investigation. Pac2 was expressed in E. coli, purified and analyzed by mass spectrometry and SDS-PAGE. The Pac2 transcript was detected by qPCR, and its protein levels were assessed by Western blotting. The inhibitory activity of Pac2 was measured using its Ki, IC50 and zymography. Mosquito infections with DENV were introduced with the Brazilian ACS-46 DENV-2 strain propagated in C6/36 cells. In the present work, we showed that it is possibly involved in the interaction of the mosquitoes with the dengue virus. The Pac2 transcript was detected in larvae and in both the salivary gland and midgut of Ae. aegypti females, while the native protein was identified in females 3 h post-blood meal. Pac2 is a strong inhibitor of trypsin-like and thrombin-like proteases, which are present in 4th instar larvae midgut and females 24 h after blood meal. During DENV infection, up regulation of Pac2 expression occurs in the salivary gland and midgut. Pac2 is the first Pacifastin inhibitor member described in mosquitoes. Our results suggest that Pac2 acts on mosquito serine proteases, mainly the trypsin-like type, and is under transcriptional control by virus infection signals to allow its survival in the vector or by the mosquito as a defense mechanism against virus infection.