[State of kidneys of the population of the industrial city].

The assessment of renal functions of the adult population of Atyrau (West Kazakhstan) exposed to Atyrau oil refinery and other industrial objects (enterprises in the city), as well as employees of this refinery has been performed by virtue of the identification ofpathological changes in the urine with the use ofphotometric screening, determination of serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid and the calculation of glomerular filtration rate. There were obtained evident data testifying to the development of statistically significant exertion of renal function in residents of this city as compared with those of control area residents. There was revealed a statistically significant decrease in the relative density of urine in in 42% of the population, leucocyturia - in 20%, erythrocyturia - in 25%. Decreased glomerularfiltration rate was noted in these people. A statistically significant elevation of the level of uric acid in the blood in combination with an acidic reaction and sharply acidic urine reaction indicates to the possibility of the development of urate urolithiasis which is confirmed by cases of discharge of stones in the urine in 20% of the population according to data of previously executed questionnaire survey. The above mentioned changes in the functional renal reserve and hyperuricemia are equally often found among the residents of the city - Atyrau refinery workers, and the rest of the city people as well. The results of the study allow to recommend the screening ofurine with quantitative registration ofpathological changes as a mean of the most optimal objective methods for early detection of renal dysfunction in population exposed to nephrotoxic impact of environmental techno-genic pollutants.

[Features of sexual development of adolescent boys in cities of Caspian region of the Republic of Kazakhstan].

The complex estimation of parameters of the sexual development of adolescent boys aged 14-16 years had been done in cities of Aktay and Atyrau, in Caspian region of Western Kazakhstan. Adolescent boys in cities of Caspian region of the Republic of Kazakhstan were found to have tendency to the delayed puberty according to Tanner score. Retarded sexual development is manifested by the some retardation in growth of genitals and escutcheon, in comparison with their peers from control group. The absence of differences in general physical development, as evidenced by anthropometry data, does not exclude the specific (elective) character of the impact of urbanogenic factors on growing male body, which is typical impact of hard metals salts.

[Evaluation of the sanitary-and-epidemiological hazard of solid garbage in Astana].

According to the national plan of actions on environmental protection, industrial garbage recycling is to be introduced in Almaty and Astana for the sustainable development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Integrated assessment of the hazard of garage is made by the sanitary-and-chemical and sanitary-and-epidemiological indices to provide the hygienic and ecological reliability of a procedure for neutralization and utilization of solid garbage (SG). According to the data obtained, Astana SG Astana in summer is characterized by the high total level of bacterial contamination. The indices of microbial contamination of SG and soil near the dustbins correlate with the density of population and the maturity of an infrastructure. Comparison of the sanitary-and-epidemiological indices of different types of SG (wastes from housing facilities, wholesale and retail outlays, and education, culture, and entertainment institutions) revealed no significant differences. According to the sanitary-and-helmintological indices, the Astana soil should be classified as pure (noninvasive). Involvement of SG into industrial recycling should be accompanied by a hygienic assessment of the hazard of waste and the reliability of used technologies in the context of warning and on-going sanitary surveillance.

[Hygienic aspects of medical waste management in Astana].

The authors indicate the existing epidemiological risks on handling the scraps from the therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions of Astana and forecast the volume of these waste till 2030. By analyzing the Russian experience in testing the technologies of medical waste disinfection, they have justified the choice of a thermal system to recycle Astana medical and biological wastes. The proposed measures to improve a waste collecting and recycling system of the city's therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions are shown to be economically effective.

[Topical problems of society's waste handling].

The fact that the volume of waste steadily grows, makes its handling one of the most topical scientific, technical, and socioeconomic problems in the world. The article covers important ecological and hygienic problems of waste handling and the effects of waste of human health.