[Pain management in dentistry].

The aim of the study was to determine the most effective dose of Ibuprofen - one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs frequently used in dental practice for pain management. According to our observations, Ibuprofen markedly softens and quickly reduces procedural pain in 55 (91.67%) patients and post-procedural pain in 44 (73.33%) patients, reduces the post-procedural need for or the amount of the drug, removes the fear of anesthesia and endodontic treatment; with irreversible pulpits significantly increases the efficiency of the inferior alveolar nerve block by local anesthetics. Our clinical observation of taking ibuprofen pre-procedurally demonstrates its effectiveness not only as a means for the relief of pain episodes, but also as an excellent anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic toothache Based on our research, the appointment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before dental interventions, in this case - Ibuprofen turned out to be the key to the success of effective pain management. We suggest that administration of analgesics in order to relieve and effectively pre-empt pain before, during or after treatment should start before surgery and furthermore, this treatment should be extended into the postoperative period. Premedication with ibuprofen significantly increased the success rates of inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

[Flexible root posts].

The article discusses the current state of restoration techniques of root canal treatment. Nowadays, technical progress allows manufacturers to develop flexible fiberglass posts, aspiring not only to an excellent aesthetics and mechanical properties (first of all, in comparison with metal and cast posts), but also to maintenance of their radio density and a wide range of forms. Growth of fiberglass posts popularity testifies to their clinical efficiency that also is confirmed by results of long-term researches. Introduction of fiberglass posts in a dental practice has rendered huge influence on restoration techniques of root canal treatment. Convincing factors of fiberglass posts superiority provide restoration the appearance similar with the natural dentition; possess close to dentine elasticity; creation of monolithic structure with hard tooth tissues and composite cement, posts, in case of need, can be easily adjusted on length, adhesive linkage of posts gives them additional stability. Modern researches have confirmed that only elastic, namely carbon fiber and the fiberglass posts made of modern technologies possess similar physical properties, as tooth structure. They can create reliable biomimetic design; solve a complex of aesthetic and functional restoration problems.

[Periodontitis treatment by "vector" system].

Periodontal therapy by means of Vector device directly effects an environment of the tooth. It allows removing sub gingival dental plaque destroying pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins, washing out periodontal pockets carefully and polishing teeth roots. During treatment the hard tissues are not injured and the gum is not injured as well. Efficiency of a new ultrasonic technique in the complex treatment of periodontal diseases was declared. Periodontal therapy with the ultrasonic device leads to clinical improvements. It was found that Vector treatment was effective in the treatment of patients suffering from periodontitis.

["Golden proportion" and its application to calculate dentition].

Within an evolutionary process, the nature has created the standard of aesthetics - a "gold proportion" on the basis of which, the parts of human body, to be more exact, teeth and denture correspond to each other and to own parts by the size, which is the ideal precondition for ideal appearance. The charming smile serves as the proof, that teeth in denture are located by a principle of "gold proportion". A "gold proportion" is the corner stone of beauty and it can be applied with success in stomatology. Proportion is the certain ratio between parts, and proportional means a proper correlation of parts among themselves. It is reputed, that knowledge about "gold proportion" Pythagor has got from products of the Egyptian and Babylon scientists. And this is true, proportions of cult constructions, bas-relieves, pyramids in Giza, home appliances and ornaments from Tutanhamon tomb testify, that under their creation the Egyptian masters were guided by a principle of "gold proportion". The facade of ancient Greek temple Parthenon is built by a principle of "gold proportion". During archeological digs of this temple the compasses which sculptors and architects of an ancient world used has been found. The "gold proportion" is mentioned in the work which has reached us "Beginning" the author is the scientist of antique epoch Euclid. In 1509, in Venice the book of Luka Pacholi the "Divine proportion" has been published, its illustration is attributed to Leonardo de Vinci. This work has been recognized as a "Hymn of a gold proportion". In 1885 the German researcher professor Zeising published his work - "Aesthetic researches". When Zeising has received numerical values of piece length, he saw that they coincided with figures of some numerical sequence, which was offered by the great Italian mathematician of Middle Ages Fibonacci (or Leonardo Pisano). In his composition the "Abacus Book" Leonardo Fibonacci showed aforesaid sequence of numbers, by means of which he has explained the formula of duplication of rabbits. The specified sequence scientists have seen in many phenomena of the Universe. In sequence of Fibonacci, in some division of its term on previous, it is received irrational number 1,61803398875.., known as Fibonacci. It is used in the reduced, approximated kind as F = 1,618 or phi = 0,618. Fibonacci also gave a proportional number (...3:2, 5:3, 8:5, 13:8...), where numerator represents the sum of two previous numbers in Fibonacci sequence. And in proportional number, similar to numerical sequence, the result of any ratio will be approximately the same - this an irrational number which asymptotically comes to 1,61803398875.... Two numbers of Fibonacci sequence F = 1,618 or phi = 0,618 or phi = 1:F... represent constants of the same sequence. It is actual in stomatology to use proportional way. For example, in orthopedic stomatology taking into consideration of ratio 5:3, promotes improvement of basic fabrics tension, prolongation of teeth functioning and denture, and also planning of correct redistribution of chewing function. In 60th -70th years the American stomatologists carried out many researches to define what kind of part "gold proportion" takes in this area of medicine. Orthodontist Robert Rikets has established that separate teeth correlate with each other by a principle of "gold proportion". In his works Roberts Rickets has specified, that mentioned data is necessary to be considered in aesthetic stomatology during teeth reconstruction. An eminent stomatologist from California, the surgeon, doctor Shtefan Markvart has found out that the height of lateral incisors corresponds to width of lateral incisors by a principle of "gold proportion". This fact has helped the decision of many aesthetic problems. Knowing the width, it is easy to calculate the height and vice versa. When the width is optimum, it cannot be broken with the purpose of closing of an interval. The principle of "gold proportion" in connection with a denture consists in the following: the central incisors are hardly longer than lateral incisors and are almost equal to the length of canines: and lateral incisors are slightly shorter and thinner than the central incisors. The width and the length of each tooth is measured by compasses and calculated for each patient individually. According to a "gold proportion" fore-teeth as a part of person appearance are in the certain ratio to each other. The basic key for the description and construction of four incisors and two canines considers the size (which is accepted as unit) of the width of a small piece of teeth arch or a lateral incisor. On the basis of a lateral incisor width, by the formula of "gold proportion", it is formed the width of the central incisors and canines, and also the length of a fore-part of a dental arch, and vise versa if the length of a fore-part of a dental arch is known, to achieve an ideal aesthetic condition by a principle of "gold proportion", it is defined the width of all fore-teeth. Teeth measurement is taken to define an initial condition, denture calculation, verification of the received results during teeth construction and estimation of the complete denture reconstruction.