[Intraoperative ultrasound diagnosis in the removal of intraocular foreign bodies].

The paper provides a rationale and indications for diascleral removal of foreign bodies from the anterior chamber of the eyeball, by intraoperatively using ultrasound study. The clinical material presents 148 cases of diascleral removal of foreign (49 magnetic and 49 amagnetic) bodes impacted into the tunics of the anterior eye without evident opacities of optical media and without signs of endophthalmitis. The paper provides a pathogenetic rationale for the method that is lowly traumatic and highly effective (foreign bodies being removed in 99.9% of cases) due to the high precision of location of a scleral cut in the projection of foreign body bedding owing to intraoperative sound usage. A model clinical case of fragment removal is also shown in the paper. The specific features of criteria for using the method are described, by taking into account the anatomic characteristics of orbital eyeball location.

[Experimental intraocular introduction of blood serum of patients with endophthalmitis]. / Vnutriglaznoe vvedenie syvorotki krovi patsientov s éndoftal'mitom v éksperimente.

Effects of blood serum from patients with endophthalmitis, who systematically received gentamicin at therapeutic dose, exerted on the retina of healthy rabbits were experimentally studied. A moderate toxic effect produced by gentamicin on the retina, when it was administered in the vitreous body of rabbits, was detected yet on day 1 of the experiment. Changes of retinal electrogenesis were aggravating and, beginning from day 7, there were noted profound changes of the functional activity in all retinal layers. According to the results, the blood serum from patients with endophthalmitis, who were systematically receiving gantamicin at therapeutic dose, does not virtually have any negative effect on the functional condition of the retina and can be used for intracavitary administration.

[An efficiency study of transplantation of allogenic fibroblasts cultivated in collagen gel for the treatment of corneal burn defects in experiment]. / Izuchenie éffektivnosti transplantatsii kul'tivirovannykh allogennykh fibroblastov v kollagenovom gele pri lechenii ozhogovykh defektov rogovitsy v éksperimente.

The paper contains the results of using a mew method applicable to regulation of corneal regeneration, i.e. transplantation of allogenic fibroblasts cultivated in collagen gel within an experimental model of acute alkali corneal burns in rabbits. Two experimental stages, involving 120 animals, were undertaken. The above method was used, at stage 1, on day 2 after trauma and, at stage 2, it was applied in two weeks after ocular burns with profound corneal defects were inflicted. The clinical, morphological and immune-histochemical examinations were used to show a high efficiency of the method in healing the corneal burn wounds; the mechanism of the therapeutic action of the transplant components exerted on regeneration of the affected cornea was investigated; finally, good outlooks for using the discussed method in clinical practice were proven.

[Keratoplasty in the surgical treatment of eye burns and their complications]. / O keratoplastike v khirurgicheskom lechenii ozhogovoi travmy glaz i ee oslozhnenii.

The report contains the analysis results of 53 keratoplasty procedures in the treatment of patients with severe and extra severe burns of eyes (185 cases within 6 years). On the basis of the obtained results, the authors conclude that the active surgical approach, when used soon after trauma (necrectomy, autotenoplasty, bloody blepharorrhaphy), cut significantly the rate of indications for emergency keratoplasty (to 9% only in cases involving the presence of a deep defect caused by the thermal affection or the presence of burn-agent particles in the corneal stroma); an extra severe burn is the absolute indication for lamellar keratoplasty; indications for transplantation of the cornea, 1 week after trauma and more, arise, when there is ulceration (especially, perforation), due to a prolonged and ineffective therapy and due to an inadequate surgical tactics. The authors suggest the criteria for a substantiated and more effective use of transplantation of the cornea in the treatment of eye burns.

[Effects of gaseous flow containing nitric oxide on the eyeball structures (an experimental study)]. / Vliianie gazovogo potoka, soderzhashchego oksid azota, na struktury glaznogo iabloka (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Nitric oxide is one of the main factors of intra- and intercellular regulation in the organism. Its vasodilating, antiaggregant, antithrombogenic, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and immunogenic effects are well known. It stimulates the reparative processes in soft tissue injuries. We failed to find reports about the role of NO in the wound process in the eyes. The source of NO in our experiments was medical air-plasma device Plason. Exposure of the eye to NO-containing gaseous flow did not cause changes in the lacrimal pH; NO penetrated through the cornea and sclera, exerted no appreciable cytotoxic effect on the surface epithelium of the eye, did not change the intraocular pressure, and caused no morphological changes in ocular tissues. On the other hand, NO-containing gaseous flow had an appreciable lasting effect on the diameter of the conjunctival vessels, this effect being dose-dependent. The doses of NO-containing gaseous flow which can be used in the treatment of eye wounds were determined.

[Experimental and morphological results of using carbon foam in the formation of the locomotor stump after enucleation]. / Eksperimental'nye i morfologicheskie rezul'taty vzhivleniia uglerodnoi peny dlia formirovaniia oporno-dvigatel'noi kul'ti posle énukleatsii.

Syntactic carbon foam implants were used for the formation of the stump after unilateral enucleation in 24 rabbits. Clinical follow-up of the experimental animals demonstrated positive results of using syntactic carbon foam for plastic ophthalmosurgery. No complications, such as migration, infection, denudation, or rejection were observed in the immediate or late periods after surgery. Results of morphologic examinations of tissues adjacent to implants, carried out at different terms, are presented.

[Experimental validation of using ozonized physiological solutions in intraocular infection]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie tselesoobraznosti primeneniia ozonirovannykh fiziologicheskikh rastvorov pri vnutriglaznoi infektsii.

The study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of ozonized normal salines in experimental endophthalmitis. Experiments demonstrated that, as the control group developed grave endophthalmitis and the clinical picture deteriorated by the end of experiment, eventuating in melting of tissues both in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, in experimental animals, to which ozonized normal saline was administered directly after infection, endophthalmitis either did not develop at all or was less severe. The anterior segment of the eyeball was not involved in the infectious process, and the changes in the vitreous body were not so grave as in the controls, and by the end of experiment the inflammation ceased completely. By the end of the infectious process in the experimental group the majority of tissue structures of the posterior pole of the eyeball, including the retina, were retained. After administration of ozonized normal saline to animals with full-blood endophthalmitis the symptoms of the inflammatory process abated and the disease took a more favorable course than in control. Hence, experiments demonstrated that even a single intravitreal instillation of ozonized solution during an infectious process brings about a high prophylactic and therapeutic effect.

[Experimental and morphological results of implantation of carbon felt in plastic surgery of the locomotor stump and accessory system of the eye]. / Eksperimental'nye i morfologicheskie rezul'taty vzhivleniia uglerodnogo voiloka dlia plastiki oporno-dvigatel'noi kul'ti i pridatochnogo apparata glaza.

Carbon felt (carbotextime) was used to form a stump after enucleation and for plastic repair of the accessory system of the eye in 56 rabbits. Sixteen of these animals were controls in whom silicon implants were used. Comparative analysis of clinical follow-up of experimental animals showed good results of using carbon felt in plastic ophthalmic surgery. Use of silicon implants was associated with a more manifest inflammatory reaction, and there were cases of the implant migration and spontaneous rejection. No complications in early or late postoperative periods were observed in the experimental group. Results of morphologic studies of the tissues adjacent to the implant in various periods postoperation are presented in detail.

[Mechanism regulating healing of perforating wounds of the cornea by natural cytokine complex]. / Mekhanizm reguliatsii zazhivleniia pronikaiushchikh ranenii rogovitsy s pomoshch'iu estestvennogo kompleksa tsitokinov.

Effects of a natural complex of cytokines secreted by peripheral blood leukocytes on the healing of perforating wounds of the cornea were studied in 28 rabbits (14 animals in control and 14 in experimental groups). The process of healing of similar cut wounds of the cornea during local application of cytostatics was assessed by morphological and morphometric methods on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 after the injury. Two periods, early and late, were distinguished in the morphogenesis of healing of a cut wound of the cornea under the effect of natural cytokines. The cytokines enhanced neutrophil migration to the wound canal in the early period of morphogenesis, this accelerating fibrin resorption, which was followed by filling of the wound canal with keratoblastic proliferate. In the late period of morphogenesis of wound healing (days 14-30) the functional activity of fibroblasts was increased, this being conducive to activation of collagenization of cicatricial tissue and resorption of the cicatrix as a result of a possible increase of collagenase release under the effect of cytokines. The possible mechanism of regulating effect of cytokines on corneal repair is discussed.

[Significance of topographic diagnosis of foreign bodies situated in the orbit]. / Znachenie topograficheskoi diagnostiki inorodnykh tel, raspolozhennykh v orbite.

Clinical picture of extraocular foreign bodies in the orbit is analyzed in 49 patients, specific features of the diagnosis and treatment of this condition are discussed. Study of the topography of foreign bodies in the orbit has helped distinguish the clinically significant area of fragment localization, areas at a high risk of developing complications, and 'quite' areas. A localizing probe on a space molding was found an effective diagnostic tool. Using this probe, stereotopic localization of a foreign body may be associated with roentgen-negative intraorbital structures, i.e. vessels, nerves, muscles. Topographic location of a foreign body helped explain a considerable vision acuity reduction in relatively transparent media, recurrences of hemorrhages to the fundus oculi, and the type of the pain syndrome. Foreign body removal is indicated in stubborn persistent pain and regressive time course of changes.

[Computerized tomography in anophthalmic syndrome]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia pri anoftal'micheskom sindrome.

The computerized tomography picture of anophthalmia syndrome permits an accurate calculation of the orbit volume in this syndrome. These data are valuable for prosthesis. Computerized tomography helps objectively estimate the quality and position of the stump and implant after enucleation, fixation of the rectus muscles, relations between the prosthesis and the stump. Computerized tomography is a highly informative method for examinations in anophthalmia syndrome.