The Energy Contents of Broken Rice for Lactating Dairy Cows.

This study aimed to evaluate (1) the net energy for lactation of broken rice in dairy cows and (2) the effects of broken rice substituting in diets on feed intake, nutrient energy utilization, and milk production. An energy metabolism experiment was conducted using a respiration chamber system in four multiparous Holstein crossbred cows (88.6% Holstein × 11.4% Native Thai; body weight of 438 ± 16.0 kg; 70 ± 31 days in milk) according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 21-d periods. The four dietary treatments included a basal diet substitution with broken rice at 0%, 12%, 24%, and 36%. Increasing the substitution rate of broken rice in the diet resulted in unaffected feed intake, milk yield and composition, and energy balance (p > 0.05); however, a linear increase in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.05). The estimated net energy for lactation of broken rice was 8.68 MJ/kg. The net energy requirement for maintenance was estimated at 504 kJ/kg of metabolic body weight. Our results indicated that broken rice is a good energy-feed resource and that increasing the proportion in the diet up to 36% had no adverse effect on dairy cows' production performance.

Net Energy Value of a Cassava Chip Ration for Lactation in Holstein-Friesian Crossbred Dairy Cattle Estimated by Indirect Calorimetry.

The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the feed intake, digestibility, and energy utilization and (2) estimate the net energy value of cassava chips consumed by lactating dairy cows. Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows at 139 ± 33 (mean ± SD) day in milk were assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods. The four treatments included a diet substituted with cassava chips on a 0%, 12%, 24%, and 36% dry matter (DM) basis in the basal diet. Indirect calorimetry with a head cage respiration system was used to determine nutrient and energy utilization. Increasing the number of cassava chips in the diet resulted in a linear increase (p < 0.05) in nutrient intake and digestibility but a linear decrease (p < 0.01) in crude protein (CP) and fiber. The enteric methane yield and intensity were not affected (p > 0.05), while energy was lost as feces and urine reduced linearly (p < 0.05). Milk yield and milk composition (protein, fat, lactose) also increased linearly (p < 0.05). The net energy requirement for the maintenance of the lactating cows was estimated as 327 kJ/kg of metabolic body weight, and the efficiency of metabolizable energy used for lactation was 0.66. The estimated net energy value of cassava chips for lactation was 8.03 MJ/kg DM.

Feed intake, digestibility and energy partitioning in beef cattle fed diets with cassava pulp instead of rice straw.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing rice straw with different proportions of cassava pulp on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility, rumen microbial population, energy partitioning and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization in beef cattle. METHODS: Eighteen yearling Thai native beef cattle (Bos indicus) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 98.3±12.8 kg were allocated to one of three dietary treatments and fed ad libitum for 149 days in a randomized complete block design. Three dietary treatments using different proportions of cassava pulp (100, 300, and 500 g/kg dry matter basis) instead of rice straw as a base in a fermented total mixed ration were applied. Animals were placed in a metabolic pen equipped with a ventilated head box respiration system to determine total digestibility and energy balance. RESULTS: The average daily weight gain, digestible intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrate, total protozoa, energy intake, energy retention and energy efficiency increased linearly (p<0.05) with an increasing proportion of cassava pulp in the diet, whereas the three main types of fibrolytic bacteria and energy excretion in the urine (p<0.05) decreased. The metabolizable energy requirement for the maintenance of yearling Thai native cattle, determined by a linear regression analysis, was 399 kJ/kg BW0.75, with an efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for growth of 0.86. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that increasing the proportion of cassava pulp up to 500 g/kg of dry matter as a base in a fermented total mixed ration is an effective strategy for improving productivity in zebu cattle.