RESTRUCTURING OF SKELETAL MUSCLE, LUNG AND HEART TISSUES OF RATS UNDER HYPOXIA TRAINING.

We studied some specific features of the changes in mor- pho- and stereometric characteristics of the ultrastructure of tissues of lungs, heart, and muscles, their capillarization, and the mitochondrial apparatus of cells in adult male Wistar rats under long-term physical loads. It is shown that the influence of a sustained training accompanied by the development of exercise-induced hypoxia on the structural readjustments of tissues of muscles, lungs, and myocardium can be conditionally divided into 2 groups: with destructive and compensatoryadaptive features. The changes with destructive character include, firstly, those of the ultrastructure of biological bar- riers such as, in particular, hyperhydration of barriers on the whole and their separate layers, which deteriorates the conditions of oxygen diffusion; second, the destructive changes in mitochondria (it increased the number of damaged lung organelles by 4.1 times, in the heart - at 4.5-5.5 times depending on subpopulations and in muscle - by 3.5-12.2 times also depending on the subpopulation of mitochondria), which are accompanied by a decrease in the energy potential of the mitochondrial apparatus, are observed. To the changes with compensatory-adaptive character, we refer an increase in the number of functioning capillaries (by 80% in the gastrocnemius muscle and by 60% in the myocardium), which prevents the development of secondary tissue hypoxia; intensification of pinocytosis in endotheliocytes; activation of mitochondrial morphogenesis, which was accompanied by an increase of the number of organelles at gastrocnemius muscle by 65%, in the lungs - in 4 times and in heart by 60-80% depending on the mitochondrial subpopulations; and appearance of young mitochondria and mitochondria with moderate degree of swelling, which favors the growth of the energy power of the mitochondrial apparatus of cells.

[Vascular endothelial growth factor during physical loads with different mechanism of energy's providing of muscular work].

In the article the results of investigation of vascular endothelial growth factor's (VEGF) maintenance changes at the oxidative stress caused by physical activities and associated tissue hypoxia, for the representatives of types of sport with the different mechanisms of energy providing of muscular work are presented. The highest VEGF concentration of serum was marked in sports with representatives of aerobic energy supply mechanism of muscle activity--from 122.8±3.4 to 126.2±4.1 pg·ml(-1), intermediate values in VEGF marked in a mixed mechanism energy--102.4±4.91 pg·ml(-1). Anaerobic muscle activity observed providing the lowest of VEGF value (78.5±5.2 pg·ml(-1)). Initial VEGF concentration in athletes even before the current load is higher than in the healthy untrained people. A statistically significant positive correlation between the degree of antioxidant protection and the VEGF concentration has been found. It is concluded, that angiogenesis is one of the mechanisms of adaptation to tissue hypoxia during physical activities. Scientific Institute of the National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kiev.

[The clinical and biochemical characteristics of the status of stomach cancer patients who were exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Klinicheskie i biokhimicheskie osobennosti statusa bol'nykh rakom zheludka, podvergshikhsia vozdeistviiu ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia v rezul'tate avarii na ChAES.

As many as 208 patients with carcinoma of the stomach were examined, with 98 of these, having been victims of Chernobyl accident. It has been established that in spite of the fact that the clinical picture was practically identical in both case groups those patients having been exposed to mixed radiation demonstrated more clearly manifest endogenous intoxication, impairement of erythrocytic membrane function, which fact calls correction of these changes in the preoperative period.

[The antistressor action of dibunol in surgical stress in lung cancer patients]. / Antistressornoe deistvie dibunola pri operatsionnom stress u bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

Dibunol (butylhydroxytoluene) in 1-g capsules was given to lung cancer patients, 4 g for two days and 4 g for one day before surgery. The level of stress was evaluated by the blood levels of cortisole, by the daily urinary concentrations of 17-keto- and 17-ketogenic steroids, and by the blood levels medium-weight molecular peptides and toxic indices 1, 3, 5-7 days of postsurgery. The antistress action of the agent appeared as twofold decreased blood cortisol and urinary 17-KS and 17-KGS 1 day after surgery, returning to the baseline on day 3 (while there was no normalization even on day 7 if dibunol was not given), and as significantly declined intoxication indices.

[Use of ultraviolet irradiation of the blood after surgery in patients with tumors]. / Primenenie ul'trafioletovogo oblucheniia krovi posle operatsii u bol'nykh s opukholiami.

The results of ultra-violet irradiation of the blood in 207 patients after performance of thoracoabdominal operation for cancer of the esophagus and stomach were analysed. The method permits to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, manifestations of endogenous intoxication, contributes to improvement in metabolic processes, and normalization of the state of the patients.

[Biochemical criteria of early diagnosis of postoperative pancreatitis in oncologic patients]. / Biokhimicheskie kriterii rannei diagnostiki posleoperatsionnogo pankreatita u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

With the aim of diagnosis of postoperative pancreatitis in 88 oncologic patients operated on for malignant tumors of the upper alimentary canal and pancreatoduodenal zone, including those with trauma or resection of the pancreas, the comparative analysis of significance of different biochemical indices was carried out. A high sensitivity and informative value of measuring a content of the middle molecular mass peptides and components of kallikrein-kinin system with calculation of a toxicity coefficient permit to recommend their use as the additional diagnostic criteria.

[Use of the indices of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood in evaluating the efficacy of the prevention and treatment of postoperative purulent complications in oncologic patients]. / Ispol'zovanie pokazatelei kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy krovi v otsenke éffektivnosti profilaktiki i lecheniia posleoperatsionnykh gnoinykh oslozhnenii u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh

The kallikrein-kinin system of the blood was studied in 59 patients with tumours of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis. In 33 patients, the postoperative course was complicated by wound suppuration, formation of intraabdominal and pelvic abscesses. It was established, that the development of purulent complications was accompanied by regular activation of the system of proteolysis and increase in the blood level of the middle molecular mass substances. The changes in the indices of kallikrein-kinin system can serve as an additional criterium of the effectiveness of treatment and prophylaxis of postoperative complications.

[Kinin system of the blood and myocardium in monitored limitation of the coronary blood flow]. / Kininovaia sistema krovi i miokarda pri dozirovannom ogranichenii koronarnogo krovotoka.

Components of the blood kinin system as well as concentration of kininogen and kininase activity were studied in various myocardial structures after controlled restriction of coronary circulation by 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% within 30 min. As blood supply of heart decreased, activation of kallikrein, decrease in content of kininogen and inhibition of kininase activity in blood were observed. These alterations were detected also in myocardium; they were especially distinct in the ischemic zone.

Kallikrein-kinin system and adenosine metabolism system of blood and heart and their changes at hypothalamic-hypophyseal stimulation in rabbits of different age.

It was shown that kallikreinogen content was decreased in blood of old rabbits, kallikrein activity was somewhat increased, kininase activity was significantly decreased. In old animals, adenosine metabolism was activated, this being evident from the rise of 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activity in blood and myocardium. Hypothalamic stimulation resulted in significant activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and sharp increase of kallikrein activity, the shifts being less marked in old animals than in adults. In adult animals, vasopressin administration elicited more marked activation of the kallikrein-kinin and adenosine metabolism systems.

[Changes in the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood following hypothalamo-hypophyseal stimulation of animals of different ages]. / Izmeneniia kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy krovi pri gipotalamo-gipofizarnoi stimuliatsii u zhivotnykh raznogo vozrasta.

Changes occurring in the formation and synthesis of kinins become irregular with ageing: the content of kallikreinogenes decreases, the activity of kininase and inhibitors of trypsin falls, and total blood activity of hydrolysis of ethyl--N--benzoil--L--arginine ether rises. Stimulation of the hypothalamus causes an obvious activation of the kalikrein--kinin system in adult animals: the contents of kallikreinogenes and kininogenes fall, the kallikrein activity sharply increases, whereas the kininase activity decreases. Both single and repeated administrations of vasopressin induce the same shifts of kallikrein--kinin system as the stimulation of hypothalamus. On repeated administrations of vasopressin the kininase activity rises.

[Changes in the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood during development of experimental myocardial infarct]. / Izmeneniia kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy krovi v protsesse razvitia éksperimental'nogo infarkta miokarda.

Bradikininogen, kallikreinogen, kallikrein, kininase I as well as blood BAEE-esterase and antitryptic activities were studied in development of extensive myocardial infarction in dogs. Some components of kinine system were activated already within 1 hr after ligation of coronary artery, maximal their activation was observed within 3 hrs. In this period content of bradikinin was distinctly decreased--up to 42% of the initial level, kallikrein was activated 8-8-fold, content of kallikreinogen was twice decreased and BAEE esterase activity of blood was increased moderately. Simultaneously, inhibition of kininase I by 30-40% and of antitryptic activity was observed. Gradual normalization of the patterns studied occurred further: kininase I--with 5 days, kallikreinogen, kallikrein and bradikinin--within 10 days of infarction development. Antitryptic activity of blood not only reached normal values but exceeded them within 2 days after the artery ligation. The data obtained suggest the hyperproduction of kinins; the possibility is discussed on the potentiation and prolongation of effect of these physiologically active polypeptides.