Spontaneous Expulsive Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage in a Middle-Aged Patient With Hypertension, Type II Diabetes, and Associated Retinopathy.

We report the clinical course of spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SESCH) in a middle-aged man. A 50-year-old man with a history of uncontrolled hypertension and type II diabetes presented with massive preretinal hemorrhage in the posterior pole of the right eye (RE). Two weeks later, he presented with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and a nearly obliterated anterior chamber with coagulated blood behind the lens in the RE. We performed two rounds of surgery, including cataract surgery, vitrectomy, and sclerotomy. The choroidal detachment was clearly visible behind the posterior capsule during the cataract surgery. The surgical intervention successfully lowered the IOP and alleviated the pain. In rare cases of SESCH, maintaining awareness when patients show vulnerability in their choroidal vessels is of high importance.

Comparison of the Residual Amount of an Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device Among Different Types of Intraocular Lens Implants in vitro.

Purpose: Although ophthalmic viscosurgical devices are quite important for safe cataract surgery, currently, postoperative residual ophthalmic viscosurgical devices can cause various complications. Previously, we developed a method to visualize residual ophthalmic viscosurgical devices after irrigation/aspiration in vitro and found that the amount of residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device on a single-piece intraocular lens was greater than that on a three-piece intraocular lens. In the present study, we compared the amounts of residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device among various foldable intraocular lenses to investigate the factors that determine the quantity of residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device. Patients and Methods: Simulated cataract surgery was performed in pig eyes using an ophthalmic viscosurgical device labeled with fluorescent silica particles. After the simulated surgery procedure, the fluorescent silica attached to the intraocular lens was observed and quantified by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after intraocular lens removal. The amount of residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device was compared among five representative single-piece intraocular lenses and one three-piece intraocular lens. Results: The distribution and amount of the residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device differed for each intraocular lens. The amount of silicon in the lens capsule differed among the intraocular lens types. Conclusion: The postoperative residual tendency of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices differed among various single-piece intraocular lenses. The behavior of the intraocular lenses within the capsule affected the residual tendency. The removal of ophthalmic viscosurgical device in the lens capsule should be tailored for each intraocular lens to improve efficiency.

Surgical outcome comparisons of multifocal IOLs of Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15 and Tecnis Eyhance DIB00V.

AIM: To compare the surgical outcomes of a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL; Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15) with those of an enhanced monofocal IOL (Tecnis Eyhance DIB00V). METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent cataract surgery with LS-313 MF15 or Eyhance IOL implantation. Data regarding patient demographics, surgical records, and ophthalmic examination before the cataract surgery and one and three months postoperatively were collected. Visual acuities, refractive values, defocus curves, contrast sensitivities and subjective symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 71 eyes (47 patients) included in this study, 32 eyes (20 patients) underwent LS-313 MF15 IOL implantation, and 39 eyes (27 patients) underwent Eyhance IOL implantation. No significant differences were observed in age, axial length, or refractive error between the two groups preoperatively. Furthermore, the distance-corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuities one month postoperatively did not differ between the groups, and both groups had sufficient visual acuities at the distances of 5, 1 m, 70, 50, and 30 cm. Other ophthalmic data, including subjective symptoms based on the 14-item Visual Function Index Questionnaire, monocular defocus curves, contrast sensitivities, and halo and glare, did not differ between the groups three months postoperatively. Moreover, both groups had good outcomes. The spherical equivalent one month postoperatively was significantly myopic in the LS-313 MF15 group compared with that in the Eyhance group (P=0.033); however, this difference was not observed three months postoperatively (P=0.471). CONCLUSION: Comparison of the surgical outcomes of LS-313 MF15 with those of Eyhance with different optical properties reveal that both IOLs show good postoperative outcomes, with no significant differences being noted between the two IOLs.

RHOMBUS DEFORMATION OF RETINAL LATERAL DISPLACEMENT AFTER EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE REMOVAL REVEALED BY DIFFEOMORPHIC IMAGE REGISTRATION.

PURPOSE: To establish an analysis method using diffeomorphic image registration and evaluate microvascular displacement through epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal. METHODS: Medical records of eyes that underwent vitreous surgery for ERM were reviewed. Postoperative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were converted to the corresponding preoperative images according to a configured algorithm using diffeomorphism. RESULTS: Thirty-seven eyes with ERM were examined. Measured changes in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area showed a significant negative correlation with central foveal thickness (CFT). The average amplitude of microvascular displacement calculated for each pixel was 69 ± 27 µ m in the nasal area, which was relatively smaller than that in other areas. The vector map, which included both the amplitude and the vector of microvasculature displacement, showed a unique vector flow pattern called the rhombus deformation sign in 17 eyes. Eyes with this deformation sign showed less surgery-induced changes in the FAZ area and CFT and a milder ERM stage than those without this sign. CONCLUSION: The authors calculated and visualized microvascular displacement using diffeomorphism. The authors found a unique pattern (rhombus deformation) of retinal lateral displacement through ERM removal, which was significantly associated with the severity of ERM.

A Case of an Intraorbital Wooden Chip Foreign Body Diagnosed and Removed Several Months after Injury Despite Repeated Imaging Study.

Intraorbital foreign bodies due to trauma are commonly encountered in clinical practice. However, organic foreign bodies, such as wood chips, can sometimes be difficult to diagnose. Here, we report the case of a patient with a wooden chip located intraorbitally that was not detected until spontaneous discharge, despite repeated diagnostic imaging. A 43-year-old intoxicated woman presented to our hospital with a bruised face and eyelid. The patient was diagnosed with conjunctivitis and iritis, but no foreign body was noted in repeated imaging studies since the first visit. Therefore, the patient was observed and managed conservatively. The patient returned to the hospital 114 days after the injury, with no improvement in her conjunctivitis. Examination revealed exposure of a foreign body in the lower eyelid conjunctiva, which was removed during emergency surgery. There are no clear criteria for imaging diagnosis of organic foreign bodies in the body. However, it may be possible to detect them by changing the imaging conditions and examining the computed tomography values in detail. In addition, in case of persistent clinical symptoms, such as inflammation, the image examination should be reviewed. In eyelid trauma, the medical history is sometimes unknown, so it must be remembered that a detailed examination and, in some cases, clinical symptoms are important in making a diagnosis.

Effectiveness of the Heads-Up Surgery System for Retinal Surgery in a Patient with Severe Photophobia.

BACKGROUND: The reported features and effectiveness of heads-up surgery (HUS) for ophthalmic surgery include greater resolution, teaching, and significantly reduced endoillumination power. OBJECTIVE: To report how to care for severe intraoperative photophobia using the HUS system during bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) surgery in a patient with severe photophobia. CASE REPORT: A man in his 50s, who had been followed up for photophobia and visual impairment underwent five ophthalmic surgeries for bilateral RD. In his early 40s, he had been referred to our hospital because of a complaint of bilateral visual impairment, including severe photophobia, approximately 2 years prior. His decimal best-corrected visual acuities were 0.7 and 0.6 in his right and left eyes, respectively. Optical coherence tomography showed diffuse thinning of the entire retinal layer in the macula of both eyes, which was considered to be a cause of the decrement of visual acuity and photophobia. Twelve years after his first visit, he noticed multiple floaters in his left eye. For RD excluding the macular area, we planned cataract and retinal surgery under retrobulbar anesthesia. However, as we could not continue retinal surgery after cataract surgery due to severe photophobia, we performed general anesthesia (GA) during the second surgery. Seventeen months after the surgery, he underwent the third surgery for RD in his right eye under GA. For RD recurring twice, we performed surgery with the HUS system under retrobulbar anesthesia for the fourth and fifth surgeries, which avoided photophobia due to the significantly reduced light stimulation of the HUS system. CONCLUSION: Lower light intensity achieved by the HUS system enabled us to eliminate the patient's intraoperative discomfort. Consequently, we could perform the surgery under local anesthesia in this patient with RD who complained of severe photophobia that required GA using a conventional surgical system.

Association of meteorological factors with the frequency of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Japan.

This 5-year ecological study assessed the association between meteorological factors and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) frequency in 571 eyes of 543 cases of primary RRD at the Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Japan. We examined the monthly and seasonal distributions of RRD frequency using one-way analysis of variance. We then evaluated the relationship between monthly RRD frequency and 36 meteorological parameters using Poisson regression analysis. Furthermore, we developed multivariate regression models to predict the frequency of RRD based on specific meteorological parameters. There were no significant differences in the monthly and seasonal distributions (monthly, P = 0.99; seasonal, P = 0.77). The following eight parameters were associated with a lower RRD frequency: average sea level barometric pressure and average daily variation of average temperature, maximum temperature, maximum wind speed, maximum instantaneous wind speed, humidity, average sea level barometric pressure, and minimum sea level barometric pressure (P < 0.05). The best model to predict RRD frequency showed sufficient validity (Akaike's information criterion with correction for small sample size = 332.0) and predictive power (proportion of variance explained by cross-validation method = 84.82%, 95% CI 72.18-93.72). In conclusion, low atmospheric pressure and high meteorological stability are significantly associated with a higher frequency of RRD. In addition, the Poisson regression analysis showed sufficient validity and predictability for predicting RRD frequency.

Quantification of residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device after irrigation/aspiration in experimental cataract surgery in vitro.

PURPOSE: To determine the distribution and quantity of ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) retained in the lens capsular bag after irrigation/aspiration (I/A) in experimental cataract surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Kashiwa Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: Fifteen freshly enucleated porcine eyes were used. Sodium hyaluronate 1.0% (Healon) was mixed with a fixed concentration of silica nanoparticles encapsulating fluorescein isothiocyanate (labeled OVD), and it was injected separately into the capsular bag and injector cartridge for intraocular lens (IOL) insertion. After a 3-piece IOL (YA-60BBR) or a 1-piece IOL (iSert 255) was implanted within the capsular bag, OVD was removed by thorough I/A. Eyes that were injected with the labeled OVD into the capsular bag without IOL insertion were used as controls. The distribution of residual OVD in the capsular bag was observed under ultraviolet irradiation using Miyake-Apple view. Then, the excised capsular bag was dissolved in hydrogen fluoride, and silica concentration was measured quantitatively by elemental analysis. RESULTS: The quantity of residual OVD in the capsular bag was 243.1 µg ± 1.3 (SD) in the 3-piece IOL-implanted group, 383.8 ± 11.1 µg in the 1-piece IOL-implanted group, and 99.0 ± 1.3 µg in the control group. In the 1-piece IOL-implanted eyes, OVD in the form of clumps tended to remain near the center of the optic on the posterior side, and the quantity of residual OVD was significantly greater than in 3-piece IOL-implanted eyes (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The quantity of residual OVD after I/A could be determined indirectly using labeled OVD, and the quantity was significantly greater in 1-piece IOL-implanted eyes than in 3-piece IOL-implanted eyes.

Association between Combined Structure Function Index and Glaucoma Severity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between combined structure function index (CSFI) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) parameters such as mean deviation (MD) and visual field index (VFI) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). We retrospectively reviewed medical records from September 2009 to July 2015, which included 195 eyes of 195 patients with OAG or normal-tension glaucoma who underwent SAP and optical coherence tomography on the same day (male: female, 128 : 67; mean age, 61.4 ± 11.3 years; mean spherical equivalent, -2.39 ± 2.3 D). We divided participants into three stages based on MD value: early, MD > -6 dB; middle, -6 dB ≥ MD ≥ -12 dB; and advanced, MD < 12 dB. We then evaluated correlations between CSFI and SAP parameters in each stage using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Mean CSFI (%), mean MD (dB), and VFI (%) in each stage were early (22.4, -2.13, and 94.0); middle (47.9, -8.78, and 75.4); and advanced (68.3, -17.32, and 49.0), respectively. Correlations between CSFI and whole, early, middle, and advanced MD were -0.88 (p < 0.001), -0.68, -0.24, and -0.76, respectively. Correlations between CSFI and whole, early, middle, and advanced VFI were -0.86 (p < 0.001), -0.59, -0.20, and -0.83, respectively. Consistency between CSFI and SAP indices in middle-stage glaucoma was low.

Combination Surgery With Transcorneal Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery and Intrascleral Intraocular Lens Fixation for Spontaneous Intraocular Lens Luxation.

To present a combination technique for two cases of in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) luxation into the vitreous cavity. Vitrectomy was performed via a cornea microincision vitrectomy system, and the luxated IOL was fixed into the sclera. IOL fixation is simple from no trocar cannulas and less disrupted conjunctiva. Postoperative corneal endothelial cell density in Case 1 and Case 2 were reduced by -2.1% and -5.1%, respectively. Postoperative frequency of hexagon was decreased in Case 1 but maintained in Case 2. The authors concluded that combination surgery has distinct benefits for IOL luxation; however, long-term corneal changes need to be further assessed. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:267-271.].

Idiopathic horseshoe-like macular tear: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Although a few cases with idiopathic horseshoe-like macular tear have been reported, the mechanism remains unknown and a standard treatment has yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To report the outcome for a patient with idiopathic horseshoe-like macular tear who underwent vitreous surgery. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old man with no previous injury or ophthalmic disease presented with abnormal vision in his left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.8 in the right and 0.3 in the left, and the relative afferent pupillary defect was negative. Ophthalmoscopy revealed a horseshoe-like tear on the temporal side of the macula in the left eye. The tear size was 0.75 disc diameters (DD). Optical coherence tomography showed that the focal retinal detachment reached the fovea. A few days after the first visit, there was no longer adhesion of the flap of the tear to the retina and the tear size had increased to 1.5 DD. The patient underwent vitreous surgery similar to large macular hole surgery, with the tear closure repaired using the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique with 20% SF6 gas tamponade. Although the tear decreased to 0.5 DD after the surgery, complete closure of the tear was not achieved. CONCLUSION: While cases with horseshoe-like macular tear following trauma and branch retinal vein occlusion have been reported, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported idiopathic case. In the present case, there was expansion of the tear until the patient actually underwent surgery. If vertical vitreous traction indeed plays a role in horseshoe-like macular tears, this will need to be taken into consideration at the time of the vitreous surgery in these types of cases.