Noble Metal Phosphides Supported on CoNi Metaphosphate for Efficient Overall Water Splitting.

Transition metal metaphosphates and noble metal phosphides prepared under similar conditions are potential hybrid catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting, which is of great significance for H2 production. Herein, the structure and electrocatalytic activity of different noble metal species (i.e., Rh, Pd, Ir) on CoNiP4O12 nanoarrays have been systematically studied. Due to the different formation energies of noble metal phosphides, the phosphides of Rh (RhPx) and Pd (PdPx) as well as the noble metal Ir are obtained under the same phosphorylation conditions perspectively. RhPx/CoNiP4O12 and PdPx/CoNiP4O12 exhibit much better HER activity than Ir/CoNiP4O12 due to the advantages of phosphides. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the extraordinary activity of RhPx/CoNiP4O12 originated from the strong affinity to H2O and optimal adsorption for H*. The best RhPx/CoNiP4O12 only requires a low overpotential of 30 and 234 mV to deliver 10 mA cm-2 for HER and OER, respectively, and therefore is effective for overall water splitting (requiring 1.57 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2). This work not only develops a novel RhPx/CoNiP4O12 electrocatalyst for overall water splitting but also provides deep insight into the formation mechanism of noble metal phosphides.

Noble Metal Phosphides: Robust Electrocatalysts toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Facing with serious carbon emission issues, the production of green H2 from electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has received extensive research interest. Almost all kinds of noble metal phosphides (NMPs) consisting of Pt-group elements (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt) are all highly active and pH-universal electrocatalysts toward HER. In this review, the recent progress of NMP-based HER electrocatalysts is summarized. It is further take typical examples for discussing important impact factors on the HER performance of NMPs, including crystalline phase, morphology, noble metal element and doping. Moreover, the synthesis and HER application of hybrid catalysts consisting of NMPs and other materials such as transition metal phosphides, oxides, sulfides and phosphates, carbon materials and noble metals is also reviewed. Reducing the use of noble metal is the key idea for NMP-based hybrid electrocatalysts, while the expanded functionality and structure-performance relationship are also noticed in this part. At last, the potential opportunities and challenges for this kind of highly active catalyst is discussed.

Recent Advances of Transition Metal Basic Salts for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Overall Water Electrolysis.

Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been recognized as the bottleneck of overall water splitting, which is a promising approach for sustainable production of H2. Transition metal (TM) hydroxides are the most conventional and classical non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for OER, while TM basic salts [M2+(OH)2-x(Am-)x/m, A = CO32-, NO3-, F-, Cl-] consisting of OH- and another anion have drawn extensive research interest due to its higher catalytic activity in the past decade. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of TM basic salts and their application in OER and further overall water splitting. We categorize TM basic salt-based OER pre-catalysts into four types (CO32-, NO3-, F-, Cl-) according to the anion, which is a key factor for their outstanding performance towards OER. We highlight experimental and theoretical methods for understanding the structure evolution during OER and the effect of anion on catalytic performance. To develop bifunctional TM basic salts as catalyst for the practical electrolysis application, we also review the present strategies for enhancing its hydrogen evolution reaction activity and thereby improving its overall water splitting performance. Finally, we conclude this review with a summary and perspective about the remaining challenges and future opportunities of TM basic salts as catalysts for water electrolysis.

Cancer inhibition mechanism of lung cancer mouse model based on dye trace method.

To minimize the incidence and mortality of cancer, dye trace method was used to explore the mechanism of drug inhibition. 60 mice were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into five groups: model group, shikonin group, aconitine group, notoginsenoside R1 group, and compound group. When establishing the model, begin to administrate the medicine by gavage. The permeability of lung barrier was measured, and H.E staining, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot test were carried out. The results showed that the mice in model group had decreased autonomic activity, increased permeability of the lung barrier, white nodules on the lung tissue, decreased protein expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation, and decreased protein expression associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, increased expression of related proteins in cancer stem cells, and low level of cell-linked communication. And the incidence of lung cancer in the model group mice was 100%. The histopathological changes in mice were improved to varying degrees after the intervention of the three drugs. Especially in the compound group, the incidence of lung cancer decreased to 8.3%. This study demonstrated that the combination of shikonin, aconitine and notoginsenoside R1 had a good anti-cancer effect, which provided a theoretical basis for clinical research.

Selection and dynamic metabolic response of rat biomarkers by metabonomics and multivariate statistical analysis combined with GC-MS.

Depression is a common complex psychiatric disorder but its pathophysiological mechanism is not yet fully understood. Metabonomics by GC-MS and multivariate statistical analysis were used to select potential biomarkers associated with CUMS (chronic unpredictable mild stress) depression. The dynamic metabolic changes in rat serum were investigated to find potential disease biomarkers and to investigate the pathology of depression induced by the CUMS depression model. The changes in behavior and serum metabolic profiles were investigated during a three-week CUMS exposure. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21, and the serum metabolic profiling was carried out using GC-MS, followed by multivariate analysis. The potential biomarkers were screened from metabolites by principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The peak area of potential biomarkers was used to identify changes in depression in rats and describe their dynamics. Exposure to CUMS for three weeks caused depression-like behavior in rats, as indicated by significant decreases in weight gain, sucrose consumption, ambulation number and rearing numbers. Six potential biomarkers in serum, including glycine (Gly), glutamic acid (Glu), fructose, citric acid, glucose and hexadecanoic acid, were subjected to screening by metabonomics and multivariate statistical analysis. It was found that fructose, glucose and Gly were increased in the model group, while hexadecanoic acid, Glu and citric acid were reduced in the model group. According to the results of principal component analysis and correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient between the behavior scores and potential biomarkers in serum were all more than 0.9. This result suggests that the progression of depression may be associated with perturbation of glycometabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. Gly, Glu, fructose, citric acid, glucose and hexadecanoic acid appear to be suitable quantitative diagnostic biomarkers for depression. The representative and unique nature of these biomarkers needs to be verified by pharmacological experiments, including molecular pharmacology investigations of enzymes or genes.