Clinical features and treatment of near-work-related acquired esotropia.

AIM: To investigate the characteristics of near-work-related esotropia and the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) injection therapy on it. METHODS: A total of 107 patients aged 15-57y with near-work-related esotropia were taken as the BTXA-treated group, and 30 other peers without near-work-related esotropia were included in the control group. All participants were refractive corrected to analyse the clinical characteristics of near-work-related esotropia. All subjects were examined including Worth4 spot examination, stereoscopic vision, strabismus angle, accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A), far and near positive and negative convergence, positive and negative fusion range, positive and negative relative accommodation. Clinical efficacy was evaluated at a period of 10mo follow-up. RESULTS: The distant and near stereopsis were found in 84.9% and 77.5% of patients in the BTXA-treated group, respectively. In the control group, all patients had distant and near stereopsis. The incidence of taking off one's glasses to see close objects was significantly higher in the BTXA-treated group than in the control group (P<0.05). The BTXA-treated group showed a smaller range of in-fusion (9.84±5.72)° than the control group (22.04±8.71)° (P<0.05). The near esotropia angle of the BTXA-treated group (17.08±11.98)Δ was significantly smaller than the distant esotropia angle (19.07±11.68)Δ (P<0.05). Ten months after injection, the diplopia and esotropia of most patients underwent improvements after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the accommodation function and the habit of near work without wearing spectacles are associated with near-work-related esotropia, while the length of time for near work and the onset time are independent of near-work-related esotropia. Additionally, BTXA injection therapy plays a vital role in relieving diplopia and restoring eye position.

[Research Advance on the Factors Influencing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Biofilm Formation and the Regulation Mechanisms].

The biofilm formation is a dynamic process of bacterial growth,and the extracellular components can encase these microorganisms,making them more resistant to antibiotics and host immune attack.The formation of antibiotic-resistant bacterial biofilms will be a major challenge for the treatment and control of clinical infections.Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common clinical pathogen.Hypervirulent K.pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae can cause serious infectious diseases,and the formation of its biofilm will aggravate this situation.In-depth research on the formation of K.pneumoniae biofilm and its regulatory mechanism can shed light on clinical anti-infection treatment and control.This article mainly reviews the latest research progress in the effects of fimbriae,polysaccharides,quorum sensing systems,and efflux pumps on the formation of K.pneumoniae biofilm and their regulatory mechanisms.

SIRT3 Transfection of Aged Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Cell Therapy-Mediated Myocardial Repair.

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a deacetylase important for antioxidant protection, cell longevity, and aging. We hypothesized that SIRT3 improve oxidative resistance of aged cells and improve cell therapy in aged patients. In vitro, the proliferation and oxidative resistance of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) significantly declined with age. The expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), increased after transfection of SIRT3 in hMSCs from older donors (O-hMSCs). The protein level of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) in nucleus increased after SIRT3 overexpression. The antioxidant capacity of O-hMSCs increased after SIRT3 overexpression. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT, CAT inhibitor) or diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC, SOD inhibitor) that was used to inhibit CAT or SOD activity significantly blocked the antioxidant function of SIRT3. When two inhibitors were used together, the antioxidant function of SIRT3 almost disappeared. Following myocardial infarction and intramyocardial injections of O-hMSCs in rats in vivo, the survival rate of O-hMSCs increased by SIRT3 transfection. The cardiac function of rats was improved after SIRT3-overexpressed O-hMSC transplantation. The infarct size, collagen content, and expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 decreased. Besides, the protein level of vascular endothelial growth factor A and vascular density increased after cell transplantation with SIRT3-modified O-hMSCs. These results indicate that damage resistance of hMSCs decline with age and SIRT3 might protect O-hMSCs against oxidative damage by activating CAT and MnSOD through transferring FOXO3a into nucleus. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effect of aged hMSC transplantation can be improved by SIRT3 overexpression.

[Trends and temporal-spatial distribution of fiber quality in the national cotton variety regional trials.] / 国家棉花品种区域试验纤维品质时空分布与发展趋势.

This study applied a grey predicting model to predict the trend of cotton fiber quality for next 5 and 10 years in the Yellow River Valley (YeRV), the Yangtze River Valley (YaRV) and the Northwest Inland Region (NWIR) based on the data set from the fiber quality traits of candidate cultivars in National Cotton Variety Regional Trials during 2005-2014. The temporal and spatial distributions of cotton trails in the three major cotton producing regions were analyzed. The results showed that the overall fiber quality of the Regional Cotton Variety Trials was improved during 2005-2014. Fiber length showed excellence and the distribution of threshold increased to 27.0-32.0 mm, and the fiber length of most cultivars reached 29 or 30 mm. Fiber strength also showed an increase trend. The proportion of high level (31.0 cN·tex-1) cultivars in YaRV was as high as 61.1% in 2011. Micronaire was significantly different among the three major cotton producing regions. In YeRV, micronaire was increased from class B2(4.3-4.9) to class C2(≥5.0). In YaRV, it maintained in a high level of class C2; while it performed excellent in class A (3.7-4.2) and B2 (4.3-4.9) in NWIR. As a comprehensive fiber quality trait, spinning consistency index decreased from NWIR, YaRV to YeRV, and was ranged from 130 to 149, which was suitable for 40-50 spun yarn and accounted for about 80.0% over the total. We concluded that NWIR had the best fiber quality, followed by YaRV and YeRV in recent ten years. In the near future, fiber quality in the regional cotton variety trails would slightly increase in YaRV, but significantly decrease in YeRV and NWIR. These changes should be highly concerned for breeders, the committee of National Cotton Variety Regional Trials and approval of management department in China.

[Influence of moxibustion of baihui (GV 20) on hemodynamics of common carotid artery in healthy subjects].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxibustion of Baihui (GV 20) on the hemodynamics of internal carotid artery in health subjects so as to study its underlying mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment cerebrovascular disorders. METHODS: Thirty healthy male volunteer students between 20 and 22 years in age were enrolled into this study. Qm (mean blood flow), Vm) (mean velocity of blood flow), Vmax (maximal velocity of blood flow), Vmin (minimal velocity of blood flow), Wv (pulse wave velocity), Zcv (characteristic impedance), Rv (peripheral resistance), DR (dynamic resistance), CP (critical pressure) and DP (difference of pressure) of the right and left common carotid arteries were measured before and after moxibustion of GV20 (5-10 min each time, once daily, 5 times altogether) by using CBA CV-300 Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics Detector. RESULTS: Following moxibustion of GV20, Qm, Vm and Vmin of both right and left common carotid arteries increased significantly (P < 0.01); while Rv and DR of the brain artery lowed evidently (P < 0.05); The rest indexes had no significant changes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Moxibustion of Baihui (GV 20) can significantly raise the velocity of blood flow of the common carotid artery and low the resistance of blood vessels.