RESUMO
Wernekink commissure syndrome is a rare midbrain syndrome with bilateral cerebellar dysfunction,eye movement disorder,and palatal myoclonus.Few cases of this syndrome have been reported in China,let alone those combined with hallucinations and involuntary groping.This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of a case of Wernekink commissure syndrome with hallucinations and involuntary groping,aiming to enrich the knowledge about this disease for clinicians.
Assuntos
Mesencéfalo , Transtornos da Motilidade Ocular , Humanos , Transtornos da Motilidade Ocular/diagnóstico , Medula Espinal , Síndrome , AlucinaçõesRESUMO
Studies have revealed the neuropathological mechanism of the cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative diseases.However,the therapies for these cognitive disorders are limited,and the prevalence of cognitive impairment is expected to increase significantly in the future,which proves the necessity of new therapeutic agents.In recent years,the pharmacological activity of ß2-adrenergic receptor(ß2-AR)has been extensively studied,which has demonstrated that ß2-AR agonist has therapeutic effects on the cognitive impairment associated with several common neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,vascular dementia,Parkinson's disease with dementia,and Lewy body dementia.We reviewed the neuropathological features of cognitive impairment in several common neurodegenerative diseases and expounded the pharmacological effects of ß2-AR on related diseases.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Doença por Corpos de Lewy , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Humanos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/complicações , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/tratamento farmacológico , Doença por Corpos de Lewy/complicações , Doença por Corpos de Lewy/tratamento farmacológico , Doença por Corpos de Lewy/patologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Cognitiva/complicações , Agonistas AdrenérgicosRESUMO
Even with an effective vaccine, an estimated 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. Current antiviral therapies, including interferon and nucleot(s)ide analogues, rarely cure chronic hepatitis B. Animal models are very crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B and developing new therapeutic drugs or strategies. HBV can only infect humans and chimpanzees, with the use of chimpanzees in HBV research strongly restricted. Thus, most advances in HBV research have been gained using mouse models with HBV replication or infection or models with HBV-related hepadnaviral infection. This review summarizes the animal models currently available for the study of HBV infection.