Depression status and insulin resistance in adults with obesity: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance (IR) frequently co-occurs with depression, but inconsistent associations between IR and depression have been reported, and less is known about the association in obesity, a major risk factor for both IR and depression. Thus the association between depression status and IR in a nationally representative sample of the US adults with obesity was evaluated. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 3507 adults with obesity from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2016. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used, where IR was defined as a HOMA-IR value greater than its 75th percentile. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 was used to assess the depression status. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the association between depression status and IR. RESULTS: The cut-off value of HOMA-IR in adults with obesity was 5.5, and the prevalence of IR was 26.3% in men, 19.8% in women. The association of depression status with IR depended upon gender (P for depression status by gender interaction = 0.04). Depression status was positively associated with IR in women (P = 0.01), where the ORs (95% CIs) for the risk of IR in the mild, moderate, severe depression status were 1.79 (1.21-2.64), 1.95 (1.10-3.45), and 2.21 (1.04-4.71), respectively (P for trend = 0.002). No association was found in men (P = 0.91). CONCLUSION: Positive association between IR and depression status was identified in women with obesity, where the risk of IR increased with the level of depression status, while no association was found in men with obesity.

Comprehensive Analysis of the COVID-19: Based on the Social-Related Indexes From NUMBEO.

Background: The COVID-19 has been spreading globally since 2019 and causes serious damage to the whole society. A macro perspective study to explore the changes of some social-related indexes of different countries is meaningful. Methods: We collected nine social-related indexes and the score of COVID-safety-assessment. Data analysis is carried out using three time series models. In particular, a prediction-correction procedure was employed to explore the impact of the pandemic on the indexes of developed and developing countries. Results: It shows that COVID-19 epidemic has an impact on the life of residents in various aspects, specifically in quality of life, purchasing power, and safety. Cluster analysis and bivariate statistical analysis further indicate that indexes affected by the pandemic in developed and developing countries are different. Conclusion: This pandemic has altered the lives of residents in many ways. Our further research shows that the impacts of social-related indexes in developed and developing countries are different, which is bounded up with their epidemic severity and control measures. On the other hand, the climate is crucial for the control of COVID-19. Consequently, exploring the changes of social-related indexes is significative, and it is conducive to provide targeted governance strategies for various countries. Our article will contribute to countries with different levels of development pay more attention to social changes and take timely and effective measures to adjust social changes while trying to control this pandemic.

Multimorbidity study with different levels of depression status.

OBJECTIVE: Depression is one of the leading causes of disability burden and frequently co-occurs with multiple chronic diseases, but limited research has yet evaluated the correlation between multimorbidity and depression status by sex and age. METHODS: 29303 adults from 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were involved in the study. The validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression status. The linear trend of the prevalence of multimorbidity was tested by logistic regressions, which was visualized by the weighted network. Gamma coefficient (γ) was used to evaluate the correlation between multimorbidity and depression status. RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity in participants with no depression, mild depression, moderate depression and severe depression was 52.1%, 63.0%, 68.4% and 76.1%, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). In network analysis, the absolute network density increased with the levels of depression status (from 4.54 to 15.04). Positive correlation was identified between multimorbidity and depression status (γ=0.21, p<0.001), and the correlation was different by sex and age, where it was stronger in women than men (females: γ=0.23, males: γ=0.16), and stronger in the young and the middle-age (young: γ=0.30, middle-age: γ=0.29, old: γ=0.22). LIMITATIONS: This is a cross-sectional study and thus we cannot draw firm conclusions on causal correlations. CONCLUSIONS: Positive correlation between multimorbidity and depression status was identified, where the number of multimorbidity increased with the levels of depression status, especially in females, the young and the middle-age.

The association between fatty acid intake and breast cancer based on the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have examined the association between fatty acid intake and breast cancer (BC), and the association might vary depending on menopausal status, but the results remain controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between fatty acid intake and BC. METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016 was used in the study, and stratified analysis by menopausal status was performed. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between BC and intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), adjusting for covariates. Three two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methods-inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and Mendelian randomization-Egger (MR-Egger) regression-were applied to further verify the associations between intake of fatty acids and BC. RESULTS: Higher intake of MUFAs was associated with lower risk of BC in premenopausal women: ORs (95 %CI): 0.325 (0.110, 0.964). IVW showed that increased intake of MUFAs was associated with a reduced risk of BC: 0.997 (0.995, 1.000), p = 0.024. No associations between BC and SFAs, MUFAs or PUFAs were found in postmenopausal women or in the overall population. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing intake of MUFAs might reduce the risk of BC in premenopausal women. The protective effect of MUFAs on BC was also supported by MR study.