Progress of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein in the pathogenesis of drug-resistant epilepsy / 中华神经科杂志

Recent studies have found that in the development of epilepsy, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) may cause recurrent epilepsy by inhibiting the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid, resulting in neuron damage and weakened effect of antiepileptic drug targets. Antiepileptic drugs can not control the extent or frequency of seizures, and then the patients are in a persistent state, hence the development of drug-resistant epilepsy. Therefore, the mechanism of CREB leading to drug-resistant epilepsy was reviewed in this paper, hoping to provide ideas for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy patients.

Surface modification of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to enhance osteointegration by grafting strontium Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides.

The complex bone regeneration microenvironment puts high demands on orthopedic implants. The implants are not only desired to satisfy the meeting of the biomechanical properties, but should also possess capabilities to promote osseointegration and bone immune regulation. PEEK is a promising polymeric material for bone implants due to its suitable mechanical properties that well match natural cortical bone tissue. However, its inert biological properties limit its application. As a newly-developed bioactive polysaccharides complex, strontium Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides (EUP-Sr) has been proved to have capabilities including promoting osteogenesis and regulating bone immunity. In this study, in order to improve the bioactivities of PEEK, we introduce EUP-Sr to the PEEK surface via polydopamine-based coating and form a bioactive PEEK named DPEEK@EUP-Sr. The as-fabricated DPEEK@EUP-Sr was systematically investigated through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle analysis to verify the successful introduction of EUP-Sr to PEEK, and in vitro biological experiments including cell proliferation and RT-PCR analysis suggested that the DPEEK@EUP-Sr can effectively promote the proliferation of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1, and exhibit significant anti-inflammation and osteogenesis effects, and so should be beneficial for osteointegration between bone and implants.

Exploration of flipped classroom model based on Simodont in the standardized training teaching of prosthodontics / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of flipped classroom model based on Simodont dental training system in the standardized training teaching of prosthodontics.Methods:The control experiment was used in this study. Seventy two students from Batch 2018 and Batch 2019 of Stomatology Hospital of Air Force Medical University were selected and randomly divided into experimental group (flipped classroom model based on Simodont dental training system) and control group (Simodont dental training system training mode after traditional teaching), with 18 students every academic year in each group. Questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the teaching effect, and the results of after-class theory test and practical computer test were compared between the two groups. SPSS 20.0 was used for chi-square test and t test. Results:The experimental group was better than the control group in enhancing classroom interest, improving the ability of independent analysis and problem-solving, and cultivating the ability of cooperation and expression ( P<0.05). The scores of after-class theory test and practical computer test in the experimental group [(23.36±0.21) points and (90.56±0.52) points] were significantly better than those in the control group[(21.81±0.25) points and (88.31±0.48) points] ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The flipped classroom model based on Simodont dental training system can effectively improve the effect of standardized training and teaching of professional skills in prosthodontics. At the same time, the students' ability of independent analysis and problem solving, cooperation and communication and expression are effectively improved.

Effects of 3 kinds of processing techniques on the fitness of metal clasp / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#At present, removable partial denture is still one of the main restoration methods for dentition defects. However, the trend for digital partial denture is becoming more and more obvious in the field of oral repair. However, there are relatively few studies on digital removable partial denture. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 3 processing technologies (precision casting, digital cutting, and 3D printing) on the fitness for the clasps of cobalt chromium alloy and pure titanium removable partial denture, and to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of digital removable partial denture.@*METHODS@#Clasps of Co-Cr alloy and pure titanium were produced by 3 different processing technologies (precision casting, digital cutting, and 3D printing). There are 6 groups, including a casting pure titanium group, a casting cobalt chromium group, a cutting pure titanium group, a cutting cobalt chromium group, a printing pure titanium group, and a printing cobalt chromium group (@*RESULTS@#There was no statistical difference in fitness between the casting pure titanium group and the casting cobalt chromium group (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The cobalt chromium alloy and pure titanium clasps made by precision casting, digital cutting, and 3D printing have good fitness. Under the same process, there is no significant difference between cobalt chromium alloy and pure titanium clasps. The 3D printing pure titanium clasps have better fitness than casting pure titanium and cutting pure titanium clasps, which meet the needs of clinical application.

Hippocampal low-frequency stimulation improves cognitive function in pharmacoresistant epileptic rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to observe the changes of cognitive function in a pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy, and to investigate the effects of hippocampal low-frequency stimulation (Hip-LFS) on cognitive function in rats with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. METHODS: A total of 100 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly selected to establish an epilepsy model. Rats with successfully induced epilepsy were injected intraperitoneally with phenobarbital and phenytoin for pharmacoresistance selection. The selected pharmacoresistant epileptic (PRE) rats were assigned to a pharmacoresistant control group (PRC group), or a group that received Hip-LFS (LFS group). The same number of rats with pharmacosensitive epilepsy formed the PSC group, and a normal control (NCR) group was included. A novel object recognition (NOR) test, and a Morris water maze (MWM) task were used to assess cognitive function in all groups. RESULTS: The epileptic rats showed decreased abilities of learning and memory compared with normal control. The rats in the LFS group displayed significantly shorter escape latency in place navigation, spent longer times in the target quadrant, and traveled longer distances on the platform in the spatial probe test than PRC group. In the NOR test, compared with the PRC group, the discrimination index of the LFS group was significantly increased. Compared with the PRC group, the average frequency and duration of seizures were also decreased in the LFS group. CONCLUSIONS: The present pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy showed impaired cognitive function, especially in rats with PRE. The Hip-LFS treatment could effectively improve the cognitive function of rats with PRE.

The experimental study on repair of rat femoral condyle defect with peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells combined with absorbable gelatin sponge-self assembling peptide / 实用医学杂志

Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide composite scaffolds on SD rat femoral con-dyle bone defect reconstruction and provide a new strategy for the repair of bone defects. Methods 30 female SD rats,8W age,were randomly divided into 3 groups,10 every group.The group A was blank control group,group B was porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide composite scaffold group,and group C was periph-eral blood mesenchymal stem cells combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide compos-ite scaffold group. The effect of osteogenesis was observed by paraffin section,hematoxylin eosin staining,X-ray examination,and Micro-CT scanning in 3 dimensional reconstruction of femoral condyle defect. Results Imaging examination showed that the experimental group had better osteogenesis effect. Histological examination showed that a lot of new bone tissue was found in group C,while only a small amount of new bone was found in the group of A and B. Conclusions The experiment shows that peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells as the seed cells for tissue engineering,combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge-self assembling peptide has better ability to repair bone defects,and has good application prospect,which is worthy of further research.

Pedicle screw fixation combined with posterior-lateral fusion with autogenous bone for thoracolumbar burst fractures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Spinal reconstruction plays an important role in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures, but wherther the vertebral fusion can effectively reduce the loss of correction still remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the repair effect of pedicle screw fixation combined with posterior-lateral fusion with autogenous bone for thoracolumbar burst fractures.METHODS: Eighty patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures undergoing pedicle screw fixation from January 2011 to June 2015 were enrolled, and were then randomly divided into experimental (posterior-lateral fusion with autogenous bone) and control groups (n=40 per group). The clinical efficacy was assessed according to the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume, wound scale scores, anterior vertebral height and Cobb angle, American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale, and Oswestry dysfunction index.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for 24 months. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volum in the experimental group were significantly more than those in the control group (P 0.05). (3) The American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale and Oswestry dysfunction index scores were significantly improved in the two groups, but had no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). (4) These results suggest that pedicle screw internal fixation is effective and safe for thoracolumbar burst fractures. Posterior-lateral fusion with autogenous bone allograft holds a good histocompatibility, but cannot reduce postoperative correction loss, therefore, it is not recommended for vertebral burst fractures.

Effects of perfusion of rosiglitazone in lesion areas on the expression levels of perihematomal occludin and zonula occluden-1 mRNA and the permeability of blood-brain-barrier in a rabbit with cerebral hemorrhage / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To observe the effects of perfusion of rosiglitazone (RSG) in lesion areas on the expression levels of the perihematomal tight junction-associated proteins occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) mRNA,the permeability of blood-brain-barrier (BBB),and neurological function score in a rabbit model of cerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods A total of 45 healthy male rabbits were selected (a body mass of 2.0 to 2.5 kg).They were divided into 3 groups,a control group,a ICH model group,and a RSG treatment group (n =15,5 of them for BBB determination) according to the random number table.The control group was use to simulate the process of making intracranial hematoma.After successful puncture,the target was iujected with isotonic saline 0.3 ml and isotonic saline 0.1 ml was injected again after 6 h;after successful puncture,the ICH model group was injected with 0.3 ml of autologous non-anticoagulant arterial blood,and the target was injected into isotonic saline 0.1 ml after 6 h;RSG 0.5 mg was infused into the hematoma area (dissolved in 0.1 ml isotonic saline) in the RSG treatment group at 6 h after the ICH model was successfully induced.All rabbits in each group were sacrificed on day 7 after the neurological deficit scale score (Purdy score).Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of perihematomal oecludin and ZO-1 mRNA.The formamide method was used to measure the Evans blue (EB) content in the perihematomal tissue in order to evaluate the permeability of BBB.Results (1) Neurological function scores:Purdy scores of the control group,ICH model group,and RSG treatment group were 2.53 ± 0.05,8.13 ± 0.06),and 6.67 ± 0.08,respectively.There were significant differences among the groups (F =459.116,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,Purdy scores of the ICH model group and RSG treatment group were increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the ICH model group,Purdy scores of the RSG treatment group were decreased (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 mRNA:The differences were statistically significant in occludin and ZO-1 mRNA in the control group,ICH model group,and RSG treatment group (1.013 ±0.051,1.001 ± 0.045;0.221 ± 0.017,0.247 ± 0.019;0.498 ± 0.041,and 0.613 ± 0.045,respectively in each group;F =443.924 and 381.929 respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,the expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 mRNA were significantly decreased in the ICH model group and RSG treatment group (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the ICH model group,the expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 mRNA were increased in the RSG treatment group (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) The permeability of BBB:The EB content in the control group,ICH model group,and RSG treatment group were 12.0 ± 1.0,51.6 ± 0.9,and 36.4 ± 1.0 μg/g,respectively.The differences were statistically significant among the groups (F =223.516,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,the EB content was significantly increased in the ICH model group and RSG treatment group (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the model group,the EB content was significantly decreased in the RSG treatment group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The perfusion of RSG in the lesion area can significantly improve the neurological function of rabbits after ICH,increase the expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 mRNA in the perihematomal tissue,and decrease the permeability of BBB.

Minimally invasive surgery for removing intracranial hematoma and decreasing perihematomal glutamate content and permeability of blood-brain barrier / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effects of minimally invasive intracranial hematoma clearance on the perihematomal glutamate(Glu) level,permeability of blood-brain barrier(BBB) and brain edema.Methods Thirty rabbits with body weight of 2.80-3.40 kg were used to established the model of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and randomly divided into the minimally invasive group(MI) and control group(MC) after the model was prepared successfully.The MI group underwent minimally invasive procedures for removing intracranial hematoma by stereotactic instrument within 6 h after establishing the ICH model.The brain tissue was extracted on postoperative 1,3,7 d,and the perihematomal brain tissues were taken to detect the Glu level,BBB permeability and water content of brain tissue,which were compared with those in the control group.Results The Glu level,BBB permeability and brain water content on 1,3,7 d in the MI group were lower than those in the MC group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The minimally invasive surgery for removing intracranial hematoma is helpful to reduce perihematoma Glu level,BBB permeability and brain water content.

Rosiglitazone pretreatment influences expression of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in thrombin-activated microglia / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the effect of rosiglitazone (RGZ) pretreatment on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ( PPARγ) , nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) and heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) in the microglia cells activated by thrombin.METHODS:Microglia cells were obtained from the brain tissues of the newborn rats and were primarily cultured in vitro.After cultured for 14 d, the microglia cells were used in the experiment.The iso-lated microglia cells were randomly divided into normal control group, thrombin stimulation group ( TH group) , rosiglita-zone intervention group ( RGZ +TH group ) and retinoic acid intervention group ( RA +TH group ) .The expression of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 was observed by immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS:The number of positive staining cells of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in TH group, RGZ+TH group and RA+TH group were increased re-markably as compared with control group.The significant increases in PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 were observed in RGZ+TH group compared with other groups.The mRNA expression of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in RGZ+TH group was increased significantly as compared with TH group, control group or RA+TH group (P<0.01), Besides, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in RA+TH group was decreased as compared with TH group or RGZ+TH group (P<0.01).The protein levels of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in RGZ+TH group were significantly increased as compared with TH group, control group or RA+TH group (P<0.01).The protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in RA+TH group was decreased as com-pared with TH group or RGZ+TH group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Rosiglitazone pretreatment might increase the ex-pression of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in the microglia cells activated by thrombin.By inhibiting the expression of Nrf2 after RA pretreatment, the expression of the downstream gene HO-1 is also influenced.The anti-oxidative stress effects of rosigli-tazone might be achieved partly by modulating Nrf2 to control the downstream gene HO-1.

The virtual articulator of CAD/CAM system for dental labs / 实用口腔医学杂志

With the wide application of digital technique in dental clinic,the virtual articulator has become an important tool of CAD/CAM systems for dental labs.The presented article introduces the classification,advantages and setting parameters of the virtual articulator.The authors also comment on the current commercial products of the virtual articulators in the domestic market.

A new classification of oral prosthesis by treatment outcome / 实用口腔医学杂志

The presented article introduces a new classification based on the definitive condition of “Occlusion”after repair for different dentition defects,edentulous jaws and maxillofacial defects.The new classification contains 2 types and 8 subclasses descriptions.Exquisite pictures are used for the detailed demonstration.It may help dentists to know the final occlusion result even before the treatment and to pre-pare the major clinical operations..

The concept of “dynamic functional design”for anterior teeth restoration and its clinical application / 实用口腔医学杂志

This article introduces a new concept,named “dynamic functional design”(DFD)for the anterior guidance control of prosthe-ses.The concept was proposed from the deficiency of “digital smile design”as a complement.Four key points have been discussed to realize DFD in clinic by 1 0 real cases,and a new classification for anterior teeth restoration is presented according to DFD in this paper.

Development and application of a perioral force measurement system for infants with cleft lip and palate / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To develop a perioral force measurement system for the infants with cleft lip and palate.Methods:The peri-oral force measurement system of infant with cleft lip and palate is composed of hardware and software.The sensor is metal cantilever. The measurement ranges are 0 -20 and 0 -1 00 g/cm2 ,and the precision is 0.1 g/cm2 .The system was used in 4 cases of infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate before and after cheiloplasty.The results were analyzed by SPSS 1 9.0 software.Results:Before cheilo-plasty the perioral force of labial frenum area was (1 .79 ±0.94)g/cm2 ,that of angulus oris area of normal side and cleft side was (5. 41 ±1 .01 )g/cm2 and (3.1 2 ±1 .55)g/cm2 (P <0.05);after cheiloplasty:the perioral force of labial frenum area was (1 2.73 ±3. 51 )g/cm2 ,that of angulus oris area of normal side and cleft side was (7.64 ±1 .64)g/cm2 and (7.27 ±1 .89)g/cm2 .Conclusion:The perioral force measurement system can be used to measure the perioral force of the infants with cleft lip and palate.

A preliminary study on the relevance of facial morphologic angles of Xi'an youths / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlativity between facial morphologic angles of Xi'an youths.Methods:60 Xi'an residents aged 18 -40 years(30 males and 30 females)with normal facial profile,without operation and trauma experience,received 3dMD scaning.12 morphologic angles were measured.Data were statistically analysed by SPSS 19.0 software.The correlative relationship and formulas of facial angles were studied.Results:Nasofrontal angle of the males was larger than that of the females(P 0.05).Correlativity between each pair of 5 angles was concluded by a logic diagram(R≥0.7),the correlativity of 4 pairs was positive and 3 negative.Conclusion:The facial morphologic angles of Xi'an youths are correlated and coordinated.

The brief history of articulator / 实用口腔医学杂志

This article introduces the origin of articulator and its development process from humble to perfect in the past more than 200 years. The development of articulator is divided into 3 historical periods by the author:Early articulator,modern articulator and contemporary articula-tor.Meanwhile,the detailed basic design principle of articulator,the development of condylar guidance and incisal guidance are explained.

Rosiglitazone-pretreated influenced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinone oxidoreductase 1 and-γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase in microglia cells activated by thrombin in rats / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To activate the microglia cells by using thrombin,and then to observe the effect of precondition of rosiglitazone (RGZ)-pretreated on the expression change of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS).Methods Microglia cells were obtained from the brain tissues of the newborn rats and were primary cultured in vitro.The microglia cells were isolated in 14 days.The isolated microglia cells were randomly devided into normal control group (control group),thrombin stimulation group (stimulation group) and rosiglitazone intervention group (RGZ + TH group).The PPARγ,NQO1 and γ-GCS were observed by immunocytochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods.Results The immunocytochemistry showed that the number of stained cells of PPARγ,NQO1 and γ-GCS in stimulation group and RGZ + TH group were increased remarkably as compared with the control group.A significant increase of the PPARγ,NQO1 and γ-GCS was observed in the RGZ + TH group compared to the others.The RT-PCR method demonstrated that the expressions of PPARγ mRNA(211.88 ± 58.75),NQO1 mRNA(182.67 ± 62.09) and γ-GCS mRNA (188.17 ± 57.06) in RGZ + TH group were increased significantly as compared with the stimulation group (119.19 ± 44.58,101.73±32.19,108.81 ±19.71) or the control group (0.34±0.21,0.73±0.46,0.30±0.13;F=181.50,286.63,614.43,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Medium-dose rosiglitazone-pretreated might increase the expression of PPARγ,NQO1 and γ-GCS in microglia cells activated by thrombin.Rosiglitazone might activate the PPARγso that increase its downstream gene to achieve its anti-oxidative stress effects.

Expressions of cAMP response element binding protein and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein in the hippocampus of drug resistant temporal lobe epileptic rats / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To establish drug resistant models of temporal lobe epilepsy induced by amygdala kindling,and to investigate the changes of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) expression in the hippocampus tissues in order to explore their roles in drug resistant epileptogenesis.Methods Eighty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n =10) and model group (n =70).The 70 rats were used to prepare the amygdaloid kindled model of epilepsy by chronic stimulation of amygaloid basal lateral nucleus.The successful kindled models were randomly selected as drug resistant epileptic group (n =10) and drug sensitive epileptic group (n =10) according to their response to the phenytoin and phenobarbital.On the basis of behavioral observation,electrophysiology,pathological HE staining,CREB and p-CREB expression changes,we verified the reliability of the models and explored the differences among the three groups above.The changes of CREB and p-CREB expression were detected by immunohistochemical method and Western blotting assay.Results In control group,the electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency was (8.700 ±1.494) Hz;in drug sensitive epileptic group,the EEG frequency was (14.700 ± 1.159) Hz;in drug resistant epileptic group,the EEG frequency was (19.800 ± 1.686) Hz.The frequency differences among the three groups were statistically significant (F =144.202,P =0.000).By immunohistochemical staining,a large number of CREB and p-CREB positive cells were observed in drug resistant epileptic group.As compared with the control group (CREB 0.197 ±0.058,p-CREB 0.260 ±0.176),the expression levels of CREB and p-CREB were increased in drug sensitive epileptic group (CREB 0.361 ±0.151,p-CREB 0.656 ±0.234) and in drug resistant epileptic group (CREB 0.591 ± 0.150,p-CREB 1.077 ± 0.400).The difference among the three groups had statistical significance (F =24.206,20.376,both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The expressions of CREB and p-CREB were significantly increased in drug resistant epileptic rats.These findings indicate that the expressions of CREB and p-CREB may play certain roles in the drugresistant epileptogenesis.

Posterior occlusion of implant and natural tooth-mixed dentition / 实用口腔医学杂志

With the development of implant,more reliable way of the treatment of posterior teeth loss can be acheived.Dental implants present different biological and biomechanical characteristics from natural teeth and natural teeth with crown.It is important to realize these differences and occlusal adjustment accurately for the improvement of the treatment and prolongation of implant service life.This paper re-views the critical point with a clinical case.

The design of anterior guidance for anterior prostheses / 实用口腔医学杂志

This article systematically introduces the basic conception,classification and physiological significance of anterior guidance for anterior prostheses.A customized incisal guidance table was introduced to record and transfer the individual value of the patient to a virtual full-adjustable articulator system.The clinic effects of the individual value and average value were also compared.