To simulate effects of different intensities of phototherapy on malondialdehyde, vitamin C and vitamin E levels in parenteral nutrition for premature infants / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of different phototherapy intensities on the levels of malondialdehyde, a peroxidation product of intralipid, vitamin C and vitamin E in parenteral nutrition for premature infants.Methods:The parenteral nutrition for premature infants was prepared under strict aseptic condition and was divided into four groups based on different phototherapy intensities in simulated clinical settings, which were indoor light group, single-, double-, and three-sided phototherapy group. According to whether the nutrient solution shielded for light or not, each group was further divided into two subgroups: exposure or non-exposure group. The levels of malondialdehyde, vitamin C and vitamin E in all groups before phototherapy and 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after phototherapy were measured. Ten samples of parenteral nutrient solutions were prepared for each group, of which 2 ml were extracted for test at different time points. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used for data analysis and the results were adjusted using Greenhouse-Geisser method if failed in Mauchly sphere test.Results:With the increase of phototherapy time, the malondialdehyde level increased in the exposure and the non-exposure subgroups in the one-sided phototherapy group [before phototherapy: (3.777±0.112) vs (3.746±0.141) nmol/ml; phototherapy for 6 h: (3.808±0.122) vs (3.715±0.145) nmol/ml; 12 h: (4.546±0.138) vs (4.507±0.136) nmol/ml; 18 h: (6.116±0.151) vs (5.239±0.156) nmol/ml; 24 h: (7.569±0.136) vs (5.300±0.200) nmol/ml; all P<0.05], but the level of vitamin C [before phototherapy: (62.507±0.205) vs (62.341±0.144)μg/ml; phototherapy for 6 h: (51.211±0.086) vs (58.128±0.076) μg/ml; 12 h: (43.288±0.084) vs (55.351±0.050) μg/ml; 18 h: (35.758±0.113) vs (51.215±0.093) μg/ml; 24 h: (33.473±0.075) vs (48.473±0.080)μg/ml] and vitamin E decreased [before phototherapy: (4.101±0.132) vs (4.084±0.141) μg/ml; phototherapy for 6 h: (3.761±0.119) vs (3.904±0.075) μg/ml; 12 h: (3.654±0.092) vs (3.729±0.087) μg/ml; 18 h: (3.385±0.102) vs (3.582±0.119) μg/ml; 24 h: (3.313±0.127) vs (3.438±0.113) μg/ml, all P<0.05]. The same situation was also observed in indoor light group, double-, and three-sided phototherapy groups. The malondialdehyde level at different time in the exposure subgroups were higher but the vitamin C and vitamin E levels were lower than those in the non-exposure subgroups, regardless of the phototherapy intensities (all P<0.001). (2) The analysis of all exposure phototherapy subgroups showed that the higher the intensity of light therapy, the higher the malondialdehyde level, and the lower the level of vitamin C and vitamin E, with statistical significance differences in any pairwise comparison. Analysis of all non-exposure subgroups showed statistically significant differences in the malondialdehyde level in any pairwise comparison (all P<0.05) except for the comparison between indoor light group and single-sided phototherapy group ( F=2.383. P=0.140). Moreover, the greater the phototherapy intensities, the lower vitamin C level, with statistically significant differences in any pairwise comparison. And statistical significance differences were observed in the vitamin E level in any pairwise comparison (all P<0.05) except for the comparison between double- and three-sided phototherapy groups ( F=1.358, P=0.259). Conclusions:Phototherapy can increase the malondialdehyde level in parenteral nutrient solution for premature infants and the degree of intralipid peroxidation, but can also lead to vitamin C and vitamin E loss in the parenteral nutrient and weaken its antioxidant capacity.

Effect of multimodal therapy based on transurethral resection of bladder tumor on locally muscle invasive bladder cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effect of multimodal therapy based on transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) on locally muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).Methods:From January 2011 to December 2015, 89 patients with locally MIBC in the General Hospital of Shanxi Yangquan Yangmei Group were enrolled in the study.Among them, 40 cases underwent multimodal therapy based on TUR-Bt and classified as observation group, including adjuvant chemotherapy with 2~3 courses at 2 weeks after TUR-Bt and radiotherapy according to pelvic imaging examination results.The other 49 cases underwent radical cystectomy (RC) were classified as control group.The clinical pathological data and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results:Of 89 patients, 67 cases were male and 22 cases were female, aged (67.0±11.0)years.The preoperative T stage: 50 cases in T2 stage and 39 cases in T3 stage; pathological grade: 30 cases in G1, 30 cases in G2, and 29 cases in G3.There were no statistically significant differences in clinical pathological data between the two groups (χ 2=0.003, t=1.687, χ 2=0.051, 0.922, P=0.956, 0.096, 0.821, 0.662). In the observation group, there were 12 cases and 20 cases had recurrence within 1 and 3 years, respectively, and the incidence were 30.0% and 50.0%.Compared with 22.4% and 42.9% of the control group, there was no statistically significant difference (χ 2=0.655, 0.573, P=0.418, 0.449). In the observation group, the 3-year recurrence rate of patients with T2 before surgery was 34.8%, which was significantly lower than 70.6% of patients with T3, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.013, P=0.025). Conclusion:For locally MIBC, multimodal treatment based on TUR-Bt can achieve similar efficacy with RC, and they have similar risk of recurrence at 1 and 3 years after operation.

Hierarchical Contour Closure-Based Holistic Salient Object Detection.

Most existing salient object detection methods compute the saliency for pixels, patches, or superpixels by contrast. Such fine-grained contrast-based salient object detection methods are stuck with saliency attenuation of the salient object and saliency overestimation of the background when the image is complicated. To better compute the saliency for complicated images, we propose a hierarchical contour closure-based holistic salient object detection method, in which two saliency cues, i.e., closure completeness and closure reliability, are thoroughly exploited. The former pops out the holistic homogeneous regions bounded by completely closed outer contours, and the latter highlights the holistic homogeneous regions bounded by averagely highly reliable outer contours. Accordingly, we propose two computational schemes to compute the corresponding saliency maps in a hierarchical segmentation space. Finally, we propose a framework to combine the two saliency maps, obtaining the final saliency map. Experimental results on three publicly available datasets show that even each single saliency map is able to reach the state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, our framework, which combines two saliency maps, outperforms the state of the arts. Additionally, we show that the proposed framework can be easily used to extend existing methods and further improve their performances substantially.

Background subtraction based on low-rank and structured sparse decomposition.

Low rank and sparse representation based methods, which make few specific assumptions about the background, have recently attracted wide attention in background modeling. With these methods, moving objects in the scene are modeled as pixel-wised sparse outliers. However, in many practical scenarios, the distributions of these moving parts are not truly pixel-wised sparse but structurally sparse. Meanwhile a robust analysis mechanism is required to handle background regions or foreground movements with varying scales. Based on these two observations, we first introduce a class of structured sparsity-inducing norms to model moving objects in videos. In our approach, we regard the observed sequence as being constituted of two terms, a low-rank matrix (background) and a structured sparse outlier matrix (foreground). Next, in virtue of adaptive parameters for dynamic videos, we propose a saliency measurement to dynamically estimate the support of the foreground. Experiments on challenging well known data sets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and works effectively on a wide range of complex videos.

Effect of Early Intervention on General Movements in Preterm Infants during Fidgety Movement / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the effect of early intervention on general movements (GM) in preterm infants during fidgety move-ment. Methods 315 preterm infants during fidgety movement period were divided into intervention group (n=160) and control group (n=155). The intervention group accepted very early intervention program consisted of hospital intervention and family intervention, and the control group accepted routine treatment and nursing. The incidences of different kinds of GMs were compared. Results There is no statisti-cal difference (χ2=0.641, P=0.726) in writhing movement before intervention, and the fidgety movement presented more in the intervention group than in the control group (χ2=8.710, P=0.003), while the absence of fidgety movement was significantly fewer (χ2=5.685, P=0.017) af-ter intervention. Conclusion Very early intervention can reduce the incidence of absence of fidgety movement and improve fidgety move-ment.

Study on training scheme for adult with pharmacy the diploma of junior college trying to obtain the undergraduate diploma education / 中华医学科研管理杂志

To improve the pharmaceutical care ability of adult students,and ensure the safety in clinical medication. According to the requirement of the Ministry of Education of China, the new training scheme for adult Pharmaceutical undergraduates were drawn up by research and practice to meet the development needs of market economy and licensed pharmacist system in China.

Investigation of pharmacy postgraduate students' career planning at Peking University / 中华医学科研管理杂志

We carried out a questionnaire survey on the career planning situation of pharmacy postgraduate students at Peking university, so as to collect information for career planning education of pharmacy postgraduate students, which is expected to promote their employment on completion of degree. by. The results revealed the status quo of career planning and the demand for guidance in this aspect. Recommendations for career planning education of pharmacy postgraduate students were made thereby.