The implication of a translational triage tool in mass casualty incidents: part three: a multinational study, using validated patient cards.

BACKGROUND: Mass casualty incidents (MCI) pose significant challenges to existing resources, entailing multiagency collaboration. Triage is a critical component in the management of MCIs, but the lack of a universally accepted triage system can hinder collaboration and lead to preventable loss of life. This multinational study uses validated patient cards (cases) based on real MCIs to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel Translational Triage Tool (TTT) in primary triage assessment of mass casualty victims. METHODS: Using established triage systems versus TTT, 163 participants (1575 times) triaged five patient cases. The outcomes were statistically compared. RESULTS: TTT demonstrated similar sensitivity to the Sieve primary triage method and higher sensitivity than the START primary triage system. However, the TTT algorithm had a lower specificity compared to Sieve and higher over-triage rates. Nevertheless, the TTT algorithm demonstrated several advantages due to its straightforward design, such as rapid assessment, without the need for additional instrumental interventions, enabling the engagement of non-medical personnel. CONCLUSIONS: The TTT algorithm is a promising and feasible primary triage tool for MCIs. The high number of over-triages potentially impacts resource allocation, but the absence of under-triages eliminates preventable deaths and enables the use of other personal resources. Further research involving larger participant samples, time efficiency assessments, and real-world scenarios is needed to fully assess the TTT algorithm's practicality and effectiveness in diverse multiagency and multinational contexts.

A clinical trial to compare the effects of aerobic training and resistance training on sleep quality and quality of life in older adults with sleep disturbance.

Objectives: To compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training on sleep quality and Quality of Life (QoL) in older adults with sleep disturbance. Material and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 36 subjects with sleep disturbance of age ≥60 years. The subjects were assessed for sleep quality and quality of life by using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. Those who scored PSQI>5 were included in the study and were divided into two groups A and B. Both the groups A and B received warm up and cool down with, aerobic training for group A and resistance training for group B, respectively. The training was given for 40-45 minutes a day, 4 days/week for 4 weeks. Base line and post treatment PSQI and WHOQOL-BREF scores were recorded. Results: Repeated measure ANOVA with Post hoc analysis was done using SPSS software version 16.0. Analysis revealed significant improvement (p<0.05) in PSQI scores within both groups but not between the groups. Post hoc analysis for sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency and sleep duration showed better improvement in resistance training group. Further QoL showed no significant difference between groups for all domains except for domain 3, i.e., social relationship which was found to be better in aerobic training group. Conclusion: Resistance and aerobic training improves both quality of sleep and quality of life. But resistance training has better effect on sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency and sleep duration. As both the training has beneficial effects on sleep quality and quality of life. So, either form of training can be used according to the individuals' functional and medical status to improve sleep quality.

Leaves extract of murraya koenigii linn for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in animal models.

This work has been done for the investigation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of methanol extract of dried leaves of Murraya koenigii Linn by oral administration at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, to healthy animals. Extract was studied for its anti-inflammatory activity by using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in albino rats and the mean increase in paw volume and % inhibition in paw volume were measured plethysmometrically at different time intervals after carrageenan (1% w/v) injection. Extract was also evaluated for analgesic activity using Eddy's hot plate method and formalin induced paw licking method in albino rats. The methanol extract showed significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the carrageenan-induced paw edema and analgesic activity evidenced by increase in the reaction time by eddy's hot plate method and percentage increase in pain in formalin test. The methanol extract showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect in dose dependent manner when compared with the control and standard drug, diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg, p.o). These inhibitions were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Thus our investigation suggests a potential benefit of Murraya koenigii in treating conditions associated with inflammatory pain.

Human PARM-1 is a novel mucin-like, androgen-regulated gene exhibiting proliferative effects in prostate cancer cells.

In this paper we characterize hPARM-1, the human ortholog of rat PARM-1 (prostatic androgen-repressed message-1) and demonstrate its role in prostate cancer. Immunofluorescence microscopy and ultrastructural analysis revealed the localization of hPARM-1 to Golgi, plasma membrane and the early endocytic pathway but not in lysosomes. Biochemical and deglycosylation studies showed hPARM-1 as a highly glycosylated, mucin-like type I transmembrane protein. Analysis of expression of hPARM-1 in various human tissues revealed its presence in most human tissues with especially high expression in heart, kidney and placenta. Androgen controls the expression of the gene as a marked 7-fold increase is seen in the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP on androgen stimulation. This is further supported by its decrease in expression in CWR22 xenograft upon castration. Moreover, ectopic expression of hPARM-1 in PC3 prostate cancer cells increased colony formation, suggesting a probable role in cell proliferation. These results suggest that hPARM-1 may have a role in normal biology of the prostate cell and in prostate cancer.

Re-routing of the invariant chain to the direct sorting pathway by introduction of an AP3-binding motif from LIMP II.

AP3 is a heteromeric adaptor protein complex involved in the biogenesis of late endosomal/lysosomal structures. It recognizes tyrosine- and leucine-based sorting signals present in the cytoplasmic tails or loops of a number of proteins and is thought to be responsible for the direct transport of these proteins from the Golgi network to late endosomal/lysosomal structures. We have previously reported (Rodionov, Höning, Silye, Kongsvik, von Figura, Bakke, 2002. Structural requirements for interactions between leucine-sorting signals and clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex AP3. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 47436-47443) that in vitro binding of AP3 to the leucine signals is dependent on the nature of three residues immediately upstream of the leucine signal and suggested that these three amino acids define whether the protein is sorted to endosomes via the plasma membrane (PM) or traffics directly to the late endosomes/lysosomes. In this paper, we show in vivo evidence that residues favoring AP3 binding introduced into a protein that is transported via the PM such as the invariant chain can re-route such protein into direct sorting to late endosomal/lysosomal structures.