Production, purification and characterization of phytase from Pichia kudriavevii FSMP-Y17and its application in layers feed.

INTRODUCTION: Phytase, recognized for its ability to enhance the nutritional value of phytate-rich foods, has has gained significant prominence. The production of this enzyme has been significantly boosted while preserving economic efficiency by utilizing natural substrates and optimizing essential factors. This study focuses on optimizing phytase production through solid-state fermentation and evaluating its effectiveness in enhancing nutrient utilization in chicken diets. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to optimize phytase production via solid-state fermentation, characterize purified phytase properties, and assess its impact on nutrient utilization in chicken diets. Through these objectives, we aim to deepen understanding of phytase's role in poultry nutrition and contribute to more efficient feed formulations for improved agricultural outcomes. METHODOLOGY: We utilized solid-state fermentation with Pichia kudriavzevii FSMP-Y17 yeast on orange peel substrate, optimizing variables like temperature, pH, incubation time, and supplementing with glucose and ammonium sulfate. Following fermentation, we purified the phytase enzyme using standard techniques, characterizing its properties, including molecular weight, optimal temperature and pH, substrate affinity, and kinetic parameters. RESULTS: The optimized conditions yielded a remarkable phytase yield of 7.0 U/gds. Following purification, the enzyme exhibited a molecular weight of 64 kDa and displayed optimal activity at 55 °C and pH 5.5, with kinetic parameters (Km = 3.39 × 10-3 M and a Vmax of 7.092 mM/min) indicating efficient substrate affinity. CONCLUSION: The addition of purified phytase to chicken diets resulted in significant improvements in nutrient utilization and overall performance, including increased feed intake, improved feed conversion ratio, enhanced bird growth, better phosphorus retention, and improved egg production and quality. By addressing challenges associated with phytate-rich diets, such as reduced nutrient availability and environmental pollution, phytase utilization promotes animal welfare and sustainability in poultry production.

Improvement in Brazilian Butt Lift (BBL) Safety With the Current Recommendations from ASERF, ASAPS, and ISAPS.

BACKGROUND: In 2017, the ASERF Gluteal Fat Grafting Task Force reported gluteal fat grafting to be a high-risk procedure and recommended specific surgical techniques to decrease the risk of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether ASAPS and ISAPS members were aware of the 2017 recommendations, what their current surgical techniques were, whether they had changed their techniques based on the 2017 recommendations, and whether the incidence of PFEs had changed since the recommendations were published. METHODS: An anonymous web-based survey was conducted among members of ASAPS and ISAPS. It included the questions from the 2017 survey, as well as questions about awareness of the Task Force recommendations and subsequent change in surgical techniques. RESULTS: In the 2 years following the publication of the recommendations, the incidence of any PFE was 1 in 2492 compared with 1 in 1030 reported in 2017 (P = 0.02). Trends indicated a decreased mortality rate from 1 in 3448 in 2017 to 1 in 14,952 in 2019. Ninety-four percent of respondents were aware of the recommendations. Only 0.8% of surgeons in the current survey reported injecting in deep muscle, compared with 13.1% in 2017 (P < 0.01). Compared with 4.1% in 2017, 29.8% of respondents in our survey reported that they only injected with cannulas ≥4.1 mm (P < 0.01). Only 4% of respondents reported angling the cannula down in the current survey, compared with 27.2% in 2017 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that members were aware of the 2017 recommendations. There was a significant decrease in recent PFE and trends showed a change to safer techniques and an improvement in safety of the procedure.

GABAergic effect of valeric acid from Valeriana wallichii in amelioration of ICV STZ induced dementia in rats

ABSTRACT Valeriana wallichii DC., Caprifoliaceae, is used to have anti-ulcer, anti-spasmodic, anti-epileptic, memory enhancer, anti-anxiety, anti-rheumatic, sedative, anti-asthmatic and diuretic activities. V. wallichii is reported to contain valpotriates, valeric acid, valerenic acid, valechlorine, valerianine, resins and alkaloids. Valeric acid, found in V. wallichii appears similar in structure to the neurotransmitter GABA. Valeric acid also acts as an NMDA-receptor antagonist. The aim of present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of V. wallichii containing valeric acid and its possible mechanism of action in amelioration of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced neurodegeneration in Wistar rats. The rhizomes of V. wallichii were powdered coarsely and extracted by percolation method using dichloromethane. Wistar rats (220–250 g) of either sex were divided into 5 groups, comprising 6 animals each. Valeric acid was isolated from plant extract and characterized using FT-IR. Picrotoxin (2 mg/kg) was used as GABA-A antagonist. Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin administration caused significant (p < 0.05) increase in escape latency, retention transfer latency on morris water maze on 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th day and elevated plus maze on 19th and 20th day respectively, as compared to normal untreated rats. Treatment with V. wallichii extract 100 and 200 mg/kg and valeric acid 20 and 40 mg/kg significantly decreased the escape latency and retention transfer latency, as compared to intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin group. Plant extract and valeric acid also decreased the level of lipid peroxidation and restored glutathione level in rat brains. Administration of picrotoxin significantly reversed the effects produced by plant extract and valeric acid in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin treated rats. The findings may conclude that valeric acid present in V. wallichii has significant GABAergic effect in amelioration of experimental dementia.