[Microanatomy features in third molars roots adjacent to mandibular canal]. / Osobennosti anatomii kornei tret'ikh molyarov i nizhnechelyustnogo kanala pri ikh tesnom prileganii.

THE PURPOSE: Of the study is to reduce the risk of postoperative neuropathy of the inferior alveolar nerve by improving diagnostic methods, assessment of individual topographic and anatomical features and extraction technique of impacted teeth adjacent to the mandibular canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to the CBCT examination, orthopantomography and macroscopic examination of removed third molars roots (n=140) the relative position of the mandibular canal and the roots of the third molars were studied. RESULTS: Three variants of close mandibular canal and third molars position have been identified. In the lateral and apical nerve position, the root surface depressions were detected. With inter-radicular position fit, the mandibular canal and the nerve bundle form a «bed¼ in between impacted tooth roots. CONCLUSION: The injury of neurovascular bundle prognosis during extraction with an interadicular mandibular position depends on roots anatomy and their convergence degree. If the interradicular distance is less than the diameter of the mandibular canal, nerve injury during tooth extraction is inevitable, in such cases coronectomy is indicated.

[Stafne defect as a rare anomaly of the lower jaw growth]. / Defekt Stafne ­ redkaya anomaliya razvitiya nizhnei chelyusti.

Defects in mandible growth are of undoubted interest for practical healthcare. During the diagnosis, for a more accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis, it is necessary to understand the criteria for the norm and pathology of diseases of the jaw bones. Often in the body of the mandible at the level of the lower molars, slightly below the maxillofacial line, defects are detected in the form of a depression of the cortical layer towards the unchanged buccal cortical plate. These defects, being the clinical norm, need to be differentiated with many tumor diseases of the maxillofacial region. The literature sources indicate that the cause of these defects is the pressure of the capsule of the submandibular salivary gland in the area of the fossa on the lower jaw. Modern additional diagnostic methods, for example, CBCT and MRI, make it possible to identify a Stafne defect.

[Surgical treatment tactics in patients with third molars located close to mandibular canal]. / Taktika lecheniya patsientov pri udalenii tret'ikh molyarov nizhnei chelyusti, prilezhashchikh k nizhnechelyustnomu kanalu.

The tight fit of the roots of the third molars to the mandibular canal is the main predisposing factor of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve during tooth extraction surgery. Surgical treatment of 92 patients diagnosed with pericoronitis, retention of the third molar of the mandible, close fit of the roots of the third molar to the mandibular canal was performed. Four types of close fit of the roots of the third molars to the mandibular canal were revealed, according to CBCT, OPTG and clinical data. Most cases of paresthesia after the removal of the third molars are associated with an anatomical variation in the structure of the mandibular canal, in which the canal walls are partially formed by the cement of the tooth root. Two variants of postoperative management of the surgical wound are proposed, when an open section of the neurovascular bundle is detected at the bottom of the hole.

[Prevention of inflammatory complications after surgical extraction of mandibular third molars]. / Profilaktika vospalitel'nykh oslozhnenii posle udaleniya tret'ikh molyarov nizhnei chelyusti.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory complications are the most prevalent problems after surgical extraction of mandibular third molars. The main options for prevention are prophylactic antibiotics usage before surgery or in the postoperative period; a method of postoperative management of a tooth socket, implying healing by primary or secondary closure. Each of the postoperative management types has advantages and disadvantages. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare complete suturing versus iodoform gauze packing of tooth socket for prevention of inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar removal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed. The medical records of 273 patients who underwent mandibular third molar extraction for orthodontic indications were analyzed. Data of 100 patients were included, in 50 cases the postoperative management was carried out using iodoform packing, in other 50 cases complete suturing was performed. Depending on the type of data and distribution, we used the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test. A p<0.05 was needed to achieve statistical significance. RESULTS: Alveolitis developed in 8 % cases of iodoform gauze packing and 34% cases of suturing. The differences are statistically significant (p=0.003). The total rehabilitation period (days) in patients with no alveolitis using iodoform gauze packing was 8 (7; 31) (Me (Q1; Q3)), using complete socket suturing was 7 (7; 8) (Me (Q1; Q3)), the differences are statistically significant (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The best option for the prophylaxis of alveolitis after surgical extraction of mandibular third molar is secondary closure using iodoform gauze packing. However, in the cases with no alveolitis when complete suturing was performed, healing occurred much faster, which justifies the development of an alternative method for third molar socket healing.

[Needle fractures during mandibular block: prevention and emergency care algorithm]. / Perelom in''ektsionnoi igly pri mandibuliarnoi anestezii: algoritm profilaktiki i lecheniia.

Cases of dental needle fracture during mandibular block were studied in the last 10 years. Despite dental anesthesia development, the cases of needle fracture occur regularly in the world practice. Some of these complications has iatrogenic nature while others may be attributed to independent reasons like patients' sharp movement and needle manufacturing defect. In most of the cases the needle migrates to surrounding anatomical spaces making operative removing a challenging task. Subsequent surgical removing of a foreign body has severe consequences to patient in the form of a large operating injury, long-term disability and functional limitations. The article presents an algorithm for prevention and emergency care for a patient with dental needle fracture during mandibular block.

[Formation of bone in critical calvarias defects in rats under the influence of bisphosphonate alendronate Na complex]. / Novoobrazovanie kostnoi tkani v kriticheskikh defektakh svoda cherepa krys pod vliyaniem kompleksa, soderzhashchego bisfosfonat alendronat natriya.

The aim of the study was to investigate dynamic of tissue structures in critical defects of calvaria of rats after inoculation of bisphosphonate (BF) alendronate Na complex into bone defects. Animal model included 24 Wistar rats divided in 3 groups: spontaneous healing under blot clot (1), inoculation of carbonate hydroxide apatite ß-tricalcium phosphate blocks (2) and BF alendronate Na complex (3) on 15, 30, 60 and 90 experiment day. New bone formation was observed in group 3 as opposed to groups 1 and 2.

[The impact of octacalcium phosphate on the dynamics of bone matrix formation in experimental bone defects].

The aim of the study was to assess the interaction of of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) with bone matrix and cells and its impact on the process of bone generation. The survey was conducted on animal model: critical hipbone defect was created in 12 230-250 g Wister rats. The animals were then divided in two groups. In group 1 (6 animals) defect was left to heal under blood clot and in group 2 (6 animals) it was filled with OCP. Three animals with no defect served as a control group. It was showed significant (p<0.05) increase of the area of the newly formed bone tissue and its direct correlation with duration of observation.

[Modern wound dressings in oral surgery]. / Sovremennye ranevye pokrytiia v khirurgicheskoi stomatologii.

In this review the modern wound dressings used in surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery are studied. We describe the tupes of wound dressings and their properties. The results of clinical use in various surgical procedures in the oral cavity are presented.

[Comparative study of osteoplastic materials based on chitosan, alginate or fibrin with tricalcium phosphate].

The study presents comparative analysis of porous composites made of chitosan, alginate, fibrin with beta-tricalcium phosphate. Histological findings on Wistar rat condyles showed that fibrin-beta-TCP-based composite had the most effective positive biological response.

[A comparative study of bone regeneration potency of alfa and beta-tricalcium phosphate bone substitute materials].

Review of the literature and our own investigations describe structure, synthesis and participation in biomineralisation of bone of synthetic bone scaffold tricalcium phosphate with original surface.

[Octacalcium phosphate--precursor of biomineralization, novel bone scaffold].

Review of the literature and our own investigations describes structure, synthesis, hydrolysis, participation in biomineralisation of bone and teeth of octacalcium phosphate, a new synthetic bone scaffold.

[Noncollagen bone proteins use in the composition of osteoplactic material Gapkol modified by vacuum].

In rat experiments the ability of noncollagen bone proteins (NCBP) in the composition of osteoplactic modified material Gapkol (not tanned in formalin and subjected to vacuum extraction) to increase bone reparation in comparison with traditional Gapkol was studied. Quantitative evaluation was performed on rat parietal bone and qualitative evaluation was performed on rat mandible. It was shown that Gapkol with NCBP (not tanned in formalin and subjected to vacuum extraction) increased reparative osteogenesis.