RESUMO
Severe losses of yaks (Bos grunniens) were investigated in the most eastern region of Bhutan. The most serious disease was a fatal chronic skin disease with emaciation and anaemia. Post mortem examinations revealed major lesions in the liver, consisting of hepatic megalocytosis, bile duct proliferation, fibrosis and remodelling of the hepatic structure. There was also renal megalocytosis, ascites and mild to moderate icterus. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning was diagnosed and confirmed by demonstrating sulphur-bound pyrrolic metabolites of the alkaloids in preserved liver tissue. Skin lesions with hyaline parakeratosis were an important feature. Similar lesions were found in the mucosa of the oral cavity. No records could be found of such skin lesions in any other species or disease. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning seriously affects the livelihood of the local population which depends almost entirely on the yak. Various control measures are discussed. The key to be found is the identification of the toxic plants.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/induzido quimicamente , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/intoxicação , Animais , Butão , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Feminino , Rim/patologia , Fígado/química , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Boca/patologia , Intoxicação por Plantas/diagnóstico , Intoxicação por Plantas/patologia , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/análise , Pele/patologiaAssuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/induzido quimicamente , Fígado/química , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/intoxicação , Animais , Bovinos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Intoxicação por Plantas/diagnóstico , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/análise , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/metabolismo , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
A nationwide sample survey was conducted between July 1980 and June 1981 to determine the prevalence of xerophthalmia among Nepalese children. Population proportionate random samples were drawn from the 12 geopolitical subdivisions of the country by employing multistage sampling technique. The survey population was defined as the child population of rural Nepal between the ages of 0 and 14 years. The per cent prevalence of xerophthalmia in Nepal was 1.65 for Bitot's spots, 0.02 for corneal ulcer, and 0.03 for corneal scar. While cases of Bitot's spots were more prevalent in the plains of Nepal, followed by the mountains and the hills, the reverse was true for corneal lesions. Vitamin A deficiency was found to be responsible for one-third of acquired bilateral blindness in preschool children. All corneal cases in the study were accompanied by diarrhea and malnutrition, indicating xerophthalmia to be symptomatic of the whole spectrum of malnutrition.
