[Results and perspectives of preventive stomatological program implementation in Samara region].

The efficacy of the comprehensive program of stomatological diseases prevention implemented for 20 years among children population of Samara region was studied. It was established that caries (index DMF) of school children permanent dentition was reduced from 3.9 in 1986 to 2.1 in 2005; caries reduction was equal to 46%. Periodontal disease prevalence in 15-year-olds was reduced from 92 to 75% with the increase of mean number of sound sextants from 1.3 to 3.2. The relation of effect/cost when implementing preventive stomatological program was equal to 1:1. List of measurable goals for prevention in the field of stomatological diseases for children population until the year 2015.

[Optimization of isolation of the concentrate of stem cells from the umbilical blood].

AIM: To study correlations between body mass and height of the newborn, Apgar scale estimates, gestation time, volume of the obtained umbilical blood (UB), number of nucleated cells (NC); to compare manual and automatic modes of UB processing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 330 procurements of UB were made, 230 (69.7%) samples were frozen. Comparison of 2 techniques of UB processing was made in 73 cases of double centrifugation with hydroxyethylstarch (HES) and 47 cases of using separator Sepax (Biosafe, Switzerland). Blood cell count before and after UB processing and number of CD34+ cells were estimated. RESULTS: A correlation analysis was made of dependence of the volume of 102 samples of UB on the weight (r = 0.268, p < 0.01) and height of the fetus (r = 0.203, p < 0.05), estimation by Apgar scale (r = -0.092, p < 0.1) and gestation term (r = -0.003, p > 0.1); analysis of the number of NC dependence on the volume of UB (r = 0.102 p < 0.1), mass (r = 0.073 p > 0.1) and fetus height (r = 0.121 p > 0.1), gestation time (r = 0.159 p > 0.1), Apgar scale assessment (r = -0.174 p > 0.1). In manual UB management NC yield made up 71.9 +/- 6.7%, in automatic--81 +/- 8.0% (p < 0.05). Percent of erythrocytes removal was 73 +/- 5.7% and 80.5 +/- 6.1% (p < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: A weak correlation was found between UB volume, mass and height of the fetus. The number of NC in UB depends on none of the parameters. Automatic processing of UB provides a greater release of NC and better elimination of erythrocytes in minimal risk of contamination.

Tuberculosis, HIV seroprevalence and intravenous drug abuse in prisoners.

High rates of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are believed to exist in Russian prisons. Prisoners with TB were studied in order to identify the following: 1) prevalence of HIV, and risk factors for HIV and other blood-borne virus infections; and 2) clinical and social factors that might compromise TB treatment effectiveness and/or patient adherence and, hence, encourage treatment failure. A 1-yr cross-sectional prevalence study of 1,345 prisoners with TB was conducted at an in-patient TB facility in Samara, Russian Federation. HIV and hepatitis B and/or C co-infection occurred in 12.2% and 24.1% of prisoners, respectively, and rates were significantly higher than in civilians. Overall, 48.6% of prisoners used drugs, of which 88.3% were intravenous users. Prisoners were more likely to be intravenous drug users and HIV positive compared with civilians with TB, and 40.2% of prisoners shared needles. Two-thirds of prisoners (68.6%) had received previous TB drug therapy (frequently multiple, interrupted courses) and were significantly more likely than civilians to have had previous therapy consistent with the high drug-resistance rates seen. Prisons are major drivers of the tuberculosis and HIV epidemics. Novel strategies are needed to reduce the spread of blood borne diseases, particularly in intravenous drug users.

[Analysis of risk factors of the occurrence of drug resistance in patients with tuberculosis from civil and penitentiary sectors in the Samara Region].

The true prevalence rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRT) are unknown for most regions of Russia. This study was conducted in the Samara Region that differs from other regions in the rapid spread of HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the primary and acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) to first-line antituberculous drugs in patients from civil and penitentiary sectors and to reveal risk factors of drug resistance of MBT. Six hundred patients (309 civilians and 291 prisoners who had been bacteriologically diagnosed as having tuberculosis. The authors have established the following:--in new cases, primary drug resistance is as follows: to isoniazid [38.9% (95% CI, 31.3-36.9%)], to rifampicin [25.9% (95% CI, 19.4-33.4%)] and to MDRT [23.0% (95% CI, 16.7-30.3%)];--in prisoners, the primary resistance of MBT was statistically more significant than in civilians;--male sex, in adequate prior or current treatment for tuberculosis for more than 4 weeks, the presence of fibrocavernous tuberculosis and previous prison stay are essential risk factors of the development of resistance of MBT to both any first-line drug and MDRT;--HIV infection is unassociated with resistance.