[Dynamics of cognitive functions using the rehabilitation program of cognitive training]. / Dinamika kognitivnykh funktsii pri ispol'zovanii reabilitatsionnoi programmy kognitivnogo treninga.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficiency of the neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with mild cognitive impairments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 103 elderly people, aged 59 to 88 years, including 90 women and 13 men with subjective complaints of memory loss (ICD-10: F06.70; F06.71; F06.78; F06.79). Participants were divided into experimental group (n=43) and comparison group (n=42). The estimated impact was the rehabilitation program «The psychosocial therapy and neurocognitive rehabilitation of elderly patients with cognitive impairments¼, within which the principle of complex stimulation of various parameters of the cognitive sphere was used in rehabilitation work with patients in the experimental group in accordance with the «Memory Clinic¼ program. The study was conducted using randomized, equalized comparison groups, and the principle of «triple-blind¼ research. Non-parametric statistics (SPSS) methods were used to assess differences. RESULTS: A significant difference between the comparison and experimental groups has been identified, primarily in relation to high-level mental processes associated with the function of the third structural-functional block according to A.R. Luria. After the training, the number of correct answers significantly increased (t(42)=-2.67, p<0.001) in the experimental group, while in the comparison group the indicator did not change (t(41)=0.50, p=0.617). The number of false alarms in the experimental group decreased significantly (t(42)=2.13, p=0.039). CONCLUSION: The results confirm the leading role of these processes in the hierarchy of mental functions, which suggests that they should primarily be targets of rehabilitation interventions.

[Antioxidants in complex treatment of far-advanced open-angle glaucoma]. / Antioksidanty v kompleksnom lechenii otkrytougol'noi glaukomy daleko zashedshei stadii.

AIM: to evaluate treatment RESULTS in far-advanced glaucoma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 81 patients (81 eyes) with far-advanced open-angle glaucoma were followed up. The patients were divided into two groups by the treatment they received. In group 1 (41 patients, 41 eyes) a complex treatment scheme was applied, which included surgical, medicinal, and physiotherapeutic measures, in particular, sinus trabeculectomy (STE) plus posterior scleral trepanation (PST), a 10-day course of subconjunctival Cytoflavin 10 mg 0.5 ml, and magnetolaser stimulation of the optic nerve. Group 2 (controls) consisted of the rest 40 patients (40 eyes), who received just STE and PST. RESULTS: The combination approach has yielded visual improvements and glaucoma stabilization in 87% of patients from group 1 by the end of the first year of follow-up, while in group 2 positive changes were found in only 68% of patients.

[An experimental defibrillator with programmable pulse shape].

Results of development of an experimental external electric defibrillator with programmable pulse shape are described. The defibrillator can be used for experimental determination of the optimal shape of defibrillation pulse.

[A choice and realization of bipolar pulses for external electric defibrillators]. / Vybor i realizatsiia bipoliarnoi formy impul'sa dlia vneshnikh élektricheskikh defibrilliatorov.

There is a comparison of parameters of different-form bipolar pulses for external electric defibrillators described in the paper. The electric schemes of generators used in pulse shaping are elucidated; the appropriate recommendations concerning their choice are defined.

[Comparison of the efficiency and noise-immunity of the algorithms detecting the shock cardiac rhythms]. / Sravnenie éffektivnosti i pomekhoustoichivosti algoritmov raspoznavaniia shokovykh ritmov serdtsa.

Comparative assessments of the efficiency and noise immunity of the algorithms detecting the shock cardiac rhythms (SCR) are described in the paper. It is suggested to use the rejection filter of ventricular fibrillation as the principle algorithm for the SCR detection in an automated external defibrillator. The use of the method combining the after-threshold interval and the method of spectral analysis is demonstrated to be preferable for a portable external defibrillator.

Categorization of unilaterally presented emotional words: an ERP analysis.

This study is intended to clarify the functional role of different ERP components as indicators of the processing of emotions. The effect of emotional connotation of words on hemispheric lateralization is also explored. Visual ERPs were recorded to unilaterally presented positive, negative, and neutral words that should be categorized according to their emotional connotation. The P2 amplitude was larger to positive than to negative words whereas P3 amplitude was larger to positive words compared with neutral ones. The slow positive wave (SPW) was influenced by words emotionality at anterior and posterior sites differently. The amplitude of the N1 component was larger in the left hemisphere to contralaterally presented words. The P2 and P3 components were larger over the left hemisphere whereas the N3 and N4 components were larger over the right hemisphere to ipsilateral stimulation. The results support our hypotheses on the functional role of positive ERP components in the processing of an affective words connotation: the P2 wave reflects a general evaluation of emotional significance, the P3 a task-related decision, and the SPW an additional decision control in the context of the emotional experience of an individual. Neither the "right hemisphere hypothesis" nor "valence hypothesis" on lateralization of the processing of emotions were confirmed. Each hemisphere seems to exert its effect on emotion through specific hemispheric resources that are unequally allocated along the different stages of task processing and may cause alternation of hemispheric dominance.

[Methods for creating hyperthermia in tumors by using electromagnetic fields]. / Metody sozdaniia gipertermii opukholei s pomoshch'iu élektromagnitnykh polei.

Evidence on the methods for creation of hyperthermia in treatment of human tumours using superhigh-frequency external, intracavitary, and implanted irradiators are generalized. Inductive, capacitive and interstitial methods of heating are described. Advantages and shortcomings, depths of heating and heat-production structures are presented for each method. The known devices for regional hyperthermia are considered.

[Interstitial hyperthermia method in spontaneous tumors]. / Interstitsial'nyi metod gipertermii spontannykh opukholei.

To induce hyperthermia of spontaneous tumors in dogs an interstitial method of heating was used: electrodes in the form of injection needles were implanted around tumors. Necessary temperature levels could not be attained in a dog with circumanal angiosarcoma because the tumor was well vascularized and had a considerable volume. No thermal damage of the animals' skin was observed during all sessions of hyperthermia. A conclusion was made that the interstitial method of heating could be used in multimodality therapy of malignant tumors of a complex shape.

[The microenvironment of tumor cells and the antitumor effect of hyperthermia]. / Mikrookruzhenie opukholevykh kletok i protivoopukholevyi éffekt gipertermii.

Intravenous infusion of 20% solution of glucose (80 mg/kg of body mass per 1 min) resulted in considerable changes in microenvironment of tumor cells: by the 90th-120th min of infusion there was a decrease in pH, pO2, blood flow inhibition, an increase in the relative number of cells in the S-phase of the mitotic cycle in a tumor. There was no increase in tumor ATP and glucose up to the values at which these substance could enhance thermoresistance, a situation being rather favorable for realizing a damaging effect of hyperthermia. The use of hyperglycemia in the above regimen prior to MWF-hyperthermia enhanced 2-3 times its antitumor effect on the model of subcutaneously transplanted Guéren carcinoma and Pliss lymphosarcoma. Glucose at the concentration of 5-0 mmol enhanced the thermosensitivity of L-1210 cells. The results indicated the efficacy of hyperglycemia combined with hyperthermia.

[Multifield local hyperthermia as a method for heating deeply located neck tissues]. / Mnogopolevaia lokal'naia gipertermiia kak metod nagreva gluboko raspolozhennykh tkanei shei.

Distribution of the thermal field in neck tissues in local SHF-hyperthermia is studied. The two-field method of irradiation permits a uniform heating of more deeply located layers of the tissue due to summation of the radiant energy. So, the contact method of irradiation using "Luch-2" and "Luch-3" sets permits elevating the temperature inside the larynx up to 41-41.5 degrees C and maintaining it under given conditions for 25-30 min, but the heat loading on the skin and subcutaneous fat remains high. When using noncontact irradiators and "Parus" set the deeply located neck tissues are heated to 42-43 degrees C, the temperature of surface layers not exceeding 41-42 degrees C. This temperature rate is possible to be maintained for 25 min; its prolongation induces a sharp rise in the temperature of surface layers. Long-term SHF-hyperthermia of deeply located neck tumours necessitates cooling of the integument surface.

[Model study of the structure of heat release when using interstitial hyperthermia on tumors]. / Model'noe issledovanie struktury teplovydeleniia pri primenenii interstitsial'noi gipertermii opukholei.

Heat distribution structures are given with application of the interstitial method of heating with the 1.7 MHz frequency, 8 implanted needles arranged in 2 rows were used as electrodes. Heat distribution structures are obtained on the basis of the mathematical model which was constructed in the electrostatic approximation and with the investigation of the spatial distribution of temperatures in the tissue-equivalent phantom. The results obtained in the both cases coincide.

[Enhancement of the antineoplastic effect of local hyperthermia by induced hyperglycemia]. / Usilenie protivoopukholevogo éffekta lokal'noi gipertermii pri iskusstvennoi giperglikemii.

It is shown that the antitumour effect of local hyperthermia (2450 MHz, 43 degrees C, 60 min) is enhanced essentially if it follows immediately after i. v. infusion of 20% glucose solution at a rate of 80 mg X kg-1 X min-1 for 90 min in experiments on rats bearing the Guerin carcinoma. Under such a combined treatment the rate of tumour growth decreases by a factor of 2. An assumption is advanced that such an enhancement of the hyperthermia effect is caused mainly by low pH values of the tumour which are observed under hyperglycemia.