[Causes, consequences and overcoming ways of stigmatization of patients with substance abuse disorders]. / Prichiny, posledstviia i sposoby preodoleniia stigmatizatsii bol'nykh s narkologicheskimi rasstroistvami.

Stigmatization of people with drug and alcohol use disorders, its types and main causes of stigmatization have been analyzed. Main symptoms, types and consequences of stigmatization as for people with drug and alcohol abuse as well for society in whole have been described. Based on the complex of traits studied, the key causes and factors of stigma were analyzed and the variants of destigmatization of patients were suggested.

[The new MRI pulse sequence: experience in emergency neuroradiology].

The new pulse sequence (PS) has been obtained on MRI tomography Ellipse, B=0,15 and Biospec 70/30, B=7 T. The new pulse images of the brain combine features of FLAIR and its sensitivity to magnetic field heterogeneity. We named its PS as the T2 Fluid Attenuation Gradient Echo (T2 FLAGE). The T2 FLAGE characteristics of tissue contrast as well as its efficacy in detection of ICH have been assessed in 57 patients with acute stroke and in 16 experimental rats. The analysis of tissue contrast of lesions and normal brain structure has revealed the greater visibility of T2 FLAGE images compared to FLAIR. At the same time, the images sensitivity of magnetic field heterogeneity is retained. The ROC-analysis has shown that T2 FLAGE images are more effective in differential diagnosis of stroke type compared to FLAIR.

[Comparative assessment of MR-semiotics of acutest intracerebral hematomas in low- and extra high-field frequency magnetic resonance tomography].

An objective of the study was to compare sensitivity of low- and extra high-field frequency magnetic resonance (MR) tomography of acutest intracerebral hematomas (ICH) and to assess differences between symptoms in obtained images. A study was conducted using experimental ICH in rats (n=6). Hematomas were formed by two injections of autologic blood into the brain. MR-devices "Bio Spec 70/30" with magnetic field strength of 7 T and "Ellipse-150" with magnetic field strength of 0,15 T were used in the study. MR-tomography was carried out 3-5 h after the injections. Both MR-devices revealed the presence of pathological lesion in all animals. Extra highfield frequency MR-tomography showed the specific signs of ICH caused by the paramagnetic effect of deoxyhemoglobin in T2 and T2*-weighted images (WI) and low frequency MR-tomography - in T2*-WI only. The comparable sensitivity of low- and extra high-field frequency MR-devices in acutest ICH was established.

[MRI semiotics features of experimental acute intracerebral hematomas].

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of revealing intracerebral hematomas (ICH), using MRI, within the first hours after onset and to determine their MRI semiotics features. Thirty animals with experimental ICH were studied. A method of two-stage introduction of autologous blood was used to develop ICH as human spontaneous intracranial hematomas. Within 3-5h after blood introduction to the rat brain. The control MRI was performed in the 3rd and 7th days after blood injections. ICH were definitely identified in the first MRI scans. The MRI semiotics features of acute ICH and their transformations were assessed. The high sensitivity of MRI to ICH as well as the uniform manifestations in all animals were shown. In conclusion, the method has high specificity for acute ICH detection.

[Improvement of MRI effectiveness in the detection of intracerebral hematoma. Double inversion recovery].

A study aimed at developing the pulse consequence, the double inversion recovery (DIR), using low field magnetic tomography, and assessing its effectiveness in the detection of intracerebral hematoma. The research has been conducted at "Ellipse" MR tomograph. The new pulse sequence has been created by the modification of the regular FLAIR, its technical parameters were as follows: the first TI - 90 ms, the second TI - 1300 ms, TR - 4665 ms, echo - 3. Twenty-seven patients have been enrolled in the study. The tissue contrast coefficients on FLAIR and DIR images have been compared. It has been shown that the contrast coefficient of normal brain structures and brain lesions on the DIR images in regard to the white matter are significantly higher than on the FLAIR images. Results of the study revealed that the dynamics of MR symptoms of intracerebral hematoma is faster on the DIR images compared to the FLAIR ones. This finding can be used for detection of intracerebral hematoma in difficult clinical cases.

[Pharmacological modulation of NO synthesis in patients with arterial hypertension and endothelial dysfunction]. / Farmakologicheskaia moduliatsiia sinteza NO u bol'nykh s arterial'noi gipertoniei i éndotelial'noi disfunktsiei.

An open, comparative, cross-over 8-week trial of beta-blockers nebivolol and metoprolol in 30 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) studied the office, ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate levels, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, endothelial NOS and NO production. It was found that nebivolol activated the system eNOS-NO and improved vasomotor parameters of the endothelium. Metoprolol failed to activate enzyme eNOS activity and NO production to the same level and did not improve the endothelial vasomotor function. The antihypertensive activity of nebivolol was higher than that of metoprolol. Thus, nebivolol can be used in patients with AH and cardiovascular risk factors to correct endothelial dysfunction.