Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 3 de 3
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Talanta ; 132: 796-802, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25476380

RESUMO

Due to industrialization and the use of chemical products in everyday life, various types of drugs and pesticides are present in our environment, which threaten and cause negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The consequences of these pollutants are gradually becoming visible. Recent evidence confirms that long term exposure to environmental pharmaceutical concentrations can induce adverse effects in aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates such as reproductive impairments and collapse wild populations. Consequently, one of the challenges of environmental science is to evaluate the associated risks. In this context, a new methodology has been developed using nano-LC-nano-ESI MS/MS to quantify traces of two pharmaceuticals (a neuropharmaceutical drug, fluoxetine, and an anticonvulsant drug, carbamazepine) in two molluscs, Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Valvata piscinalis, which are both prosobranch gastropods. A simple and quick extraction method was developed based on a modified and miniaturized version of the QuEChERS method. The procedure involves the extraction of approximately 10 mg of wet mollusc tissue by 500 µL of a mixture of acetonitrile/water/hexane (50/20/30) and 100 mg of buffer salt. Thus, the extraction step was carried out on an individual scale. The sensitivity of this method allowed for the detection of levels as low as 18 ng/g and 128 ng/g for carbamazepine and fluoxetine, respectively, with recoveries of greater than 85% for the two targeted compounds. This method was then applied to both gastropod species exposed to fluoxetine under laboratory conditions. The results provide evidence of bioaccumulation in both P. antipodarum and V. piscinalis and reveal the inter-species differences.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/isolamento & purificação , Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/isolamento & purificação , Carbamazepina/isolamento & purificação , Fluoxetina/isolamento & purificação , Gastrópodes/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Gastrópodes/metabolismo , Extração Líquido-Líquido/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos
2.
Integr Environ Assess Manag ; 6 Suppl: 524-39, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20821717

RESUMO

The serotonin re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine was selected for an environmental risk assessment, using the most recent European guideline (EMEA 2006) within the European Union (EU)-funded Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals (ERAPharm) project due to its environmental persistence, acute toxicity to nontarget organisms, and unique pharmacokinetics associated with a readily ionizable compound. As a widely prescribed psychotropic drug, fluoxetine is frequently detected in surface waters adjacent to urban areas because municipal wastewater effluents are the primary route of entry to aquatic environments. In Phase I of the assessment, the initial predicted environmental concentration of fluoxetine in surface water (initial PEC(SW)) reached or exceeded the action limit of 10 ng/L, when using both a default market penetration factor and prescription data for Sweden, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Consequently, a Phase II risk assessment was conducted in which green algae were identified as the most sensitive species with a NOEC of <0.6 microg/L. From this value, a predicted no effect concentration for surface waters (PNEC(SW)) of 0.012 microg/L was derived. The PEC/PNEC ratio was above the trigger value of 1 in worst-case exposure scenarios indicating a potential risk to the aquatic compartment. Similarly, risks of fluoxetine for sediment-dwelling organisms could not be excluded. No risk assessment was conducted for the terrestrial compartment due to a lack of data on effects of fluoxetine on soil organisms. The need for a separate risk assessment for the main metabolite of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, was not conducted because of a lack of fate and effect studies. Based on published data, fluoxetine and norfluoxetine appeared to have a low to moderate bioaccumulation potential, which should be confirmed in formal studies according to OECD guidelines. Exposure assessments for fluoxetine according to the current framework rely heavily on K(OC) and K(OW) values. This approach is problematic, because fluoxetine is predominantly a cationic substance at environmental pH values. Consequently, the fate of fluoxetine (and other ionic substances) cannot be predicted using partition coefficients established for nonionic compounds. Further, published estimates for partition coefficients of fluoxetine vary, resulting in considerable uncertainties in both the exposure and environmental risk assessments of fluoxetine.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Fluoxetina/análise , Fluoxetina/toxicidade , Medição de Risco/métodos , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/análise , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/toxicidade , Animais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Europa (Continente) , Fluoxetina/metabolismo , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Probabilidade , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/metabolismo , Solo/química , Testes de Toxicidade , Água/química
3.
Water Res ; 44(15): 4517-28, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20591464

RESUMO

Mollusk species have been shown to be sensitive to various endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are a major source of potential or known EDC in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to develop an in situ exposure method using the New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Molluska, Hydrobiidea) to assess the impact of water quality on the life traits of this species, by focusing on its reproduction. The impact of three WWTP discharges on three different receiving rivers was studied. The effects of WWTP effluent on adult survival, weight, reproduction and vertebrate-like sex-steroid levels in snails were monitored for three to four weeks. Although the physicochemical and hydrological parameters varied greatly between the rivers, the caging experiments allowed us to detect significant impairment of the life traits of snails when exposed downstream of the WWTPs discharge. While adult survival was not affected by exposure, reproduction was significantly impacted downstream from the WWTP effluent discharges (60-70% decrease of embryos without shells after three to four weeks exposure) independently of the river. Modulations of steroid levels proved to be an informative parameter with an increase of testosterone downstream of the discharges, and increases and decreases of 17beta-estradiol levels according to site. The endpoints used proved to be an adapted method for field exposures and allowed the discrimination between upstream and downstream sites.


Assuntos
Água Doce/química , Gastrópodes/efeitos dos fármacos , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Monitoramento Ambiental , França , Geografia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Rios/química , Testes de Toxicidade/métodos , Poluição da Água/análise
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...