Clinical and cardiovascular characteristics from subjects with in COVID-19 and viral outbreaks.

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections remain the deadliest communicable disease worldwide. The relationship between cardiovascular diseases and viral infections is well known; for example, during the AH1N1 influenza pandemic, many patients developed acute cardiovascular disease. In the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, cardiovascular health has again become a challenge, with early reports showing cardiac damage in these patients. Objective: The study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with an emphasis on cardiovascular compromises, compared with past outbreaks of influenza AH1N1, to identify prognostic factors of severity. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 72 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 was conducted. Subjects were evaluated in two groups: 38 hospitalized patients and 34 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Data from different outbreaks of influenza AH1N1 were then compared with this group. Results: The 34 subjects in the ICU had higher levels of high sensible troponin, D dimer, creatinine, and leukocytes compared with the 38 hospitalized subjects. The lymphocytes count was diminished in 85.29% of ICU subjects. When compared with AH1N1 patients, it was found that SARS-CoV2 patients were 10 years older on average. The proportion of overweight and obese SARS-CoV2 patients was double that in the influenza outbreaks. In addition, it was observed that a high number of SARS-CoV2 subjects presented with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: There were various clinical and severity differences between each of these outbreaks. However, viral respiratory infection diseases such as SARS-CoV2 are a significant risk factor for acute ischemic, functional, and structural cardiovascular complications. The only way to combat this risk is a prevention approach, specifically through vaccines, but also through measures that force drastic changes in health policies to reduce perhaps the worst of pandemics, obesity, and its metabolic consequences.

The impact of hydration status and fluid distribution on pulmonary function in COPD patients.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients have alterations in body composition. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) evaluates body composition, hydration status, and fluid distribution. Subjects with fluid disturbances have been found to have lower FEV1, respiratory muscle strength, and poor prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of hydration status and fluid distribution on pulmonary function in COPD patients. A cross-sectional study, 180 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD were included. Patients with asthma, advanced renal or liver disease, acute HF, exacerbation of COPD, or pacemakers were excluded. Hydration status variables (TBW, ECW, ICW) and disturbance of fluid distribution [impedance ratio (IR) > 0.84 and phase angle (PhA)] were evaluated by BIA. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry. The mean population age was 71.55 ± 8.94 years; 55% were men. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the IR ≥ 0.84 or < 0.84. The group with higher IR ≥ 0.84 had lower FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, DLCO and, PhA compared to those with IR < 0.84. After adjusting for confounding variables TBW, ECW, IR ≥ 0.84, PhA, and resistance/height increase were associated with decreased FEV1. In the same way, with IR ≥ 0.84, edema index ≥ 0.48, trunk and abdominal IR were negatively associated with FVC, and PhA had a positive association with FVC. Fluid distribution, especially IR and PhA, could be a useful parameter for predicting pulmonary function in COPD patients.

Pérdida auditiva y consumo de alcohol en mujeres entre 20 y 40 años de edad, en la comuna de Temuco, Chile / Hearing loss and alcohol consumption in women between 20 and 40 years of age, in the commune of Temuco, Chile / Perda auditiva e consumo de álcool em mulheres entre 20 e 40 anos, na comuna de Temuco, Chile

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la diferencia en la pérdida auditiva según el consumo de alcohol, en mujeres de entre 20 y 40 años de edad, en la comuna de Temuco, Chile. Metodología: Estudio de corte, donde se evaluaron 30 mujeres consumidoras y no consumidoras de alcohol, divididas en 3 grupos (G): G1 abstemias, G2 consumidoras de 40-59 y G3 consumidoras demás de 60g de alcohol diarios (15, 6 y 9 respectivamente), con un muestreo intencional, contactadas en centros comerciales. Se realizaron pruebas auditivas: audiometría, discriminación de la palabra y potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral. Resultados: El oído derecho presentó diferencias significativas en las frecuencias medias y discriminación de la palabra en G1 vs. G2 (p = 0,045 y 0,010, respectivamente). El oído izquierdo mostró diferencias significativas en las frecuencias agudas en G1 vs. G3, en las latencias interpeakde las ondas iii-v (tiempo en milisegundo transcurrido entre la onda iii y v posterior al estímulo) en G1 vs. G2 (p = 0,003) y G2 vs. G3 (p = 0,005) a 80 dB; en las latencias interpeaki-iiiy iii-v en G1 vs. G2 (p = 0,039) a 60 dB y en la discriminación de la palabra en G1 vs. G2 (p = 0,009) y G1 vs. G3 (p = 0,013). Conclusiones: En el grupo estudiado existe pérdida auditiva relacionada con un consumo diario a partir de los 40g de alcohol, siendo el oído más afectado el izquierdo, en las frecuencias medias y agudas, en la cóclea y el tronco cerebral.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the relationship between alcohol consumption and loss hearing in women between 20 and 40 years of age in Temuco city. Methodology: Cutting study. We evaluated 30 consuming and non alcoholic women divided into 3 groups (G): G1 abstemies, G2 consumers of 40-59 and G3 consumers of> 60 grams alcohol daily (15, 6 and 9 respectively), intentional sampling contacted in shopping centers. Auditory tests were performed: Audiometry, Discrimination of the Word and Auditory Evoked Potentials of the Brain Stem. Results: In the right ear, there were significant differences in medium frequencies and word discrimination between groups 1 versus 2 (p = 0.045 and 0.010, respectively). In left ear, there were significant differences in the high frequencies between groups 1 versus 3, interpeak latencies of iii-v waves (time elapsed between iii and v waves in millisecond after the stimulus) between groups 1 versus 2 (p = 0.003) and groups 2 versus 3 (p = 0.005) to 80 dB; in interpeak latencies i-iii and iii-vbetween groups 1 versus 2 (p = 0.039) at 60 dB and in word discrimination between groups 1 versus 2 (p = 0.009) and 1 versus 3 (p = 0.013). Conclusion: In the group studied there is hearing loss related to a daily consumption from the 40 grams of alcohol being the most affected ear the left in the medium and high frequencies and affecting to the cochlea and also brainstem.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo foi analisar a relação entre consumo de álcool e perda auditiva em mulheres entre 20 e 40 anos. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal não experimental em que 30 consumidoras femininas e não o álcool foram divididas em 3 grupos: abstêmios G1, consumidores G2 de 40-59 gramas e consumidores G3> 60 gramas de álcool por dia. Testes auditivos foram realizados: audiometria, discriminação de palavras e potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico. O teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney U foi utilizado para a análise estatística. Resultados: Na orelha direita, há diferenças significativas nas frequências médias e discriminação de palavras entre os grupos 1 e 2 (p = 0,045 e 0,010, respectivamente). Na orelha esquerda, há diferenças significativas nas freqüências agudas entre os grupos 1 versus 3, nas latências interpicos das ondas iii-v entre os grupos 1 versus 2 (p = 0,003) e os grupos 2 versus 3 (p = 0,005) a 80dB; nas latências interpicos i-iii e iii-v entre os grupos 1 versus 2 (p = 0,039) a 60 dB e na discriminação de palavras entre os grupos 1 versus 2 (p = 0,009) e 1 versus 3 (p = 0,013). Conclusões: Há uma perda auditiva relacionada ao consumo diário de 40 gramas de álcool, sendo que a orelha mais afetou a esquerda nas freqüências média e aguda, afetando a cóclea e o tronco cerebral.

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius: therapeutic use and phytochemical properties. Literature review / Cnidoscolus aconitifolius: usos terapéuticos y propiedades fitoquímicas. Revisión de la literatura

Abstract Introduction: Medicinal plants have been traditionally used to cure or alleviate infectious and non-infectious diseases. They are widely accepted due to their low cost and low toxicity indexes. These plants are frequently used in cases involving skin irritation, superficial wounds, insect bites, and snake bites. Objective: To compile available evidence on the main therapeutic uses and phytochemical components of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (popularly known as chaya), a plant that grows in tropical regions of Mexico and Central America. Materials and methods: A literature review of studies on C. aconitifolius published until 2017 was conducted in the BIREME, PubMed/Medline, Elsevier and SciELO databases. Descriptors "Cnidoscolus" and "aconitifolius" were used for the literature search, and no language restrictions were applied. Results: 82 articles were retrieved after completing the initial search. Once the studies were filtered by title (descriptors in the title) and duplicates were removed, 18 articles were reviewed. Based on the information found, it was possible to confirm that this plant has multiple health benefits. Conclusions: The traditional therapeutic use of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius is backed by scientific evidence. Therefore, further research aimed at identifying new phytochemical properties of this plant should be conducted to establish alternative therapies for treating different conditions.

Resumen Introducción. El uso tradicional de plantas medicinales para tratar diferentes enfermedades, ya sean infecciosas o no, es ampliamente aceptado debido a su bajo costo y sus bajos índices de toxicidad. Estas plantas son frecuentemente usadas en casos que involucran irritaciones de la piel, heridas superficiales, picaduras de insectos y mordeduras de víboras. Objetivo. Recopilar la información disponible sobre los principales usos terapéuticos y los componentes fitoquímicos de Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, una planta conocida popularmente como chaya y que crece en regiones tropicales de México y Centroamérica. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre C. aconitifolius publicada hasta 2017 en las bases de datos BIREME, PubMed/Medline, Elsevier y SciELO. Para la búsqueda se emplearon los descriptores "Cnidoscolus" y "aconitifolius", y no se aplicaron filtros de idioma. Resultados. Se identificaron 82 artículos luego de completar la búsqueda inicial. Después de filtrar los estudios por título (presencia de descriptores de búsqueda en el título) y remover duplicados, se incluyeron 18 artículos en la revisión. De acuerdo a la información encontrada, fue posible confirmar que esta planta ofrece diversos beneficios para la salud. Conclusiones. El uso terapéutico tradicional de la chaya está sustentado por evidencia científica, por lo que se sugiere realizar más investigaciones centradas en la identificación de nuevas propiedades fitoquímicas de esta planta y, así, establecer alternativas terapéuticas para distintas afecciones.

Buruli ulcers in a Spanish aid worker after a stay in Peru.

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a chronic and destructive infection of the skin and soft tissues caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Recently, population flows have triggered the appearance of several sporadic cases of BU in non-endemic countries. This represents a significant diagnostic challenge for clinicians and microbiologists. We describe the first case of BU imported to Spain. The patient was a Spanish woman who had stayed 5 months in the jungle of Peru.

Desempeño fonológico y actividad bioeléctrica auditiva en un niño con trastorno fonológico / Phonological performance and auditory bioelectric activity in a child with phonological disorder

Resumen Introducción. El trastorno fonológico es un déficit en la percepción, organización y producción fonológica del lenguaje. Los potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral identifican cambios electrofisiológicos generados en la vía auditiva, por tanto, el presente estudio pretende demostrar la utilidad de tales potenciales en la caracterización de los pacientes con trastornos fonológicos, permitiendo así evidenciar una alteración en la actividad bioeléctrica de la vía auditiva. Presentación del caso. Se presenta el caso de un menor con trastorno fonoaudiológico evaluado por medio de potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral, previa evaluación de la vía auditiva periférica excluyendo patologías adyacentes. El análisis de los resultados verifica que, en tiempo de transmisión del estímulo al recorrer la vía auditiva, se generó un aumento en las latencias absolutas de las ondas I, III y V, con aumento en las desviaciones estándar de la prueba. Conclusiones. Puede existir asociación entre el desarrollo fonológico y la actividad bioeléctrica de la vía auditiva, además, aumentando la muestra se podría generar una evaluación objetiva que valore algunas alteraciones del lenguaje en niños.

Abstract Introduction: Phonological disorder is a deficit in the perception, organization and phonological articulation of speech. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials identify electrophysiological changes generated in the auditory pathway. This study aims to demonstrate the usefulness of such potentials to characterize patients with phonological disorders and expose alterations in the bioelectric activity of the auditory pathway. Case presentation: This paper presents the case of a child with a phonological disorder evaluated using brainstem auditory evoked potentials, after evaluating the peripheral auditory pathway to rule out adjacent pathologies. The analysis of the results confirms that, during the transmission of the stimulus when crossing the auditory path, an increase was generated in the absolute latencies of waves I, III and V, with an increase an in the standard deviations of the test. Conclusions: An association between phonological development and bioelectric activity of the auditory pathway may exist. A larger sample could lead to an objective evaluation that assesses some language disorders in children.

Effect of L-arginine or L-citrulline oral supplementation on blood pressure and right ventricular function in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction.

BACKGROUND: The effect of L-arginine and L-citrulline on blood pressure and right ventricular function in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unknown. We have therefore evaluated, in a randomized clinical trial, the effect of these aminoacids in chronic outstanding and stable patients with HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients underwent an echocardiogram and radioisotopic ventriculography rest/exercise, and were randomized in a consecutive manner to the L-arginine group (n = 15; 8 g/day); and the citrulline malate group (n = 15; 3 g/day). The duration of follow-up was two months. The principal echocardiographic finding was a statistically significant decrease in pulmonary artery pressure in the L-arginine (56.3 ± 10 vs 44 ± 16.5 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and the citrulline (56.67 ± 7.96 vs 47.67 ± 8.59 mm Hg, p < 0.05) groups. Duration on treadmill and right ventricular ejection fraction post exercise increased, while diastolic and systolic artery pressure decreased significantly in both groups. There were no other statistically significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of L-arginine and citrulline to patients with HFpEF improved right ventricular function by increasing right ventricular ejection fraction, and probably decreasing systolic pulmonary artery pressure.

The effect of L-arginine and citrulline on endothelial function in patients in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of the amino acids L-arginine and citrulline on endothelial function in patients in stable diastolic and right heart failure using photoplethysmography. METHODS: Thirty patients from the Heart Failure Clinic of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" underwent photoplethysmography using the hyperemia technique. Index finger flow was assessed at baseline and after ischemia every 30 s by maximum amplitude time (MAT), total time of the curve (TT) and the index of the two (MAT/TT < 30 = normal) before and after the administration of L-arginine (8 g/day in two doses, n = 15) or citrulline (3 g/day in one dose, n = 15) for 60 days in addition to optimal pharmacological treatment. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at baseline. After the intervention, the MAT/TT index of all patients normalized in each evaluation period with statistically significant differences. Basal L-arginine group = 38.75 ± 11.52, final 23.32 ± 6.08, p = 0.007 and basal citrulline group = 41.4 ± 13.47, final 23.65 ± 6.74, p = 0.007 at 60-90 s. Post-ischemia: basal L-arginine 36.60 ± 11.51, final 18.81 ± 15.13, p = 0.004 and basal citrulline = 49.51 ± 15.17, final 27.13 ± 7.87, p = 0.003. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of L-arginine and citrulline has a beneficial effect on endothelial function as shown by the normalized MAT/TT index. It probably improves systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, which could help in the treatment of diastolic heart failure.

Quiste de páncreas: informe de dos casos / Cyst of Pancreas: report of two cases

Explica que las neoplasias quísticas del pácreas comprenden un grupo de tumores heterogéneos histológicamente con características clínicas compartidas. Indica que estas neoplasias quísticas del páncreas pueden ser: Cistoadenoma Seroso, Neoplasia Quística Mucinosa, Estasia Ductal Mucinosa, Tumor Quístico Papilar, Tumor Quístico de Células de los Islotes, Cistoadenocarcinoma Acinar, Teratoma Quístico, Linfangioma, Hemangioma, Paraganglioma. Utiliza en este primer caso, la Tomografía Axial y el Ultrasonido con una paciente de 28 años de edad, originaria de Boquerón, Chiriquí, que acude a consulta médica con trece semanas de embarazo y un tumor en mesogastrio. Informa que se le efectúa laparotomía y se obtiene una biopsia que se informa como una Cistoadenocarcinoma, que demostró la existencia de una gran tumuración de cuerpo de cola, sin existencia de metástasis hepática. Señala en el segundo caso, que se trata de una paciente de Penonomé, de 12 años de edad, que presentaba un dolor en epigastrio que se irradiaba a la espalda, a quien se le practicó una laparotomía, Ultrasonido y Tomografía Axial Computarizada, cuyo resultado informado fue Quiste de la Cola del Páncreas. Demuestra que todas las neoplasias quísticas mucinosas se deben considerar malignas, ya que el estudio histológico no se puede realizar hasta que el tumor sea escindido en su totalidad y dependiendo de su localización, se tiene que realizar un Procedimiento de Whipple o una Pancreatectomía Distal

Proyecto integrado salud y nutrición Provincias: Linares, Saavedra Y Nor Chichas / En

El sector agropecuario del departamento de Potosi particularmente de las tres provincias: Linares,Saavedra y Nor chichas esta conformado por pequeños agricultores en cual le provee de alimentos como ser: tuberculos,hortalizas,frutas,cereales y otros productos