Evolución de las coberturas de vacunación antineumocócica en la población infantil de Tarragona, 2002-2011 / Evolution of the antipneumococcal vaccination coverage among children in the Region of Tarragona, Spain, 2002-2011

Fundamentos: En Cataluña, como en la mayoría de Comunidades Autónomas de nuestro país, la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada (VNC) no es financiada públicamente, excepto para niños inmunocomprometidos y/o con condiciones de riesgo. Este estudio investigó la cobertura de VNC en los niños atendidos a finales de 2011 en la región de Tarragona y analizó la evolución de las coberturas, según año de nacimiento, desde la comercialización de la vacuna hasta la actualidad (2002-2011). Métodos: Estudio transversal multicéntrico que incluyó a todos los niños entre 6 meses y 10 años que acudieron durante los días 1 y 2 de diciembre de 2011 a las consultas de pediatría y/o enfermería pediátrica de 9 centros de Atención Primaria en la comarca del Tarragonés (n=521 niños). La situación vacunal se determinó mediante revisión del historial clínico. Las coberturas vacunales fueron comparadas mediante test de chi cuadrad. Resultados: Del total de 521 niños estudiados el 45,1% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 40,8-49,5) habían recibido la VNC. La cobertura fue del 18,5% (IC 95%: 9,3-31,4) para los niños nacidos en 20022003; del 38,6% (IC 95%: 27,2-51,0) en 2004-2005; del 62,5% (IC 95%: 51,0-73,0) en 2006-2007, del 50,8% (IC 95%: 41,7-59,8) entre 2008-2009, y 44,6% (IC 95%: 36,8-51,3) en 2010-2011 (p<0,001). Conclusiones: La cobertura vacunal alcanzada de VNC es inter-media/baja. Tras un rápido incremento inicial de vacunaciones, las coberturas han retrocedido en el último cuatrienio, coincidiendo con la actual crisis económica(AU)

Background: In Catalonia, as in most Spanish regions, the conjuga-te pneumococcal vaccine is not publicly funded, except for immunocompromised or high-risk children. This study assessed current vaccine coverage in the region of Tarragona, analyzing trends in vaccine uptakes throughout the 2002-2011 period by analyzing uptakes by year of born. Methods: Cross-sectional multicenter study that included all children <10 years attended between 01/12/2011 and 02/12/2011 in pediatric ambulatory visits in 9 Primary Care Centers in the region of Tarragona (N=521 children). Pneumococcal vaccine status was determined after clinical record review. Vaccine coverages were compared by chisquared test. Results: Among the total 521 children, 45.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.8-49.5) had received CPV. Vaccine coverages were 18.5% (95% CI: 9.3-31.4) for children borning between 2002-2003, 38.6% (95% CI: 27.2-51.0) in 2004-2005, 62.5% (95% CI: 51.0-73.0) in 2006-2007, 50.8% (95% CI: 41.7-59.8) in 2008-2009 and 44.6% (95% CI: 36.8-51.3) in 2010-2011 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Vaccine coverage can be considered as intermedia-te/low. In our population, after a rapid initial increase, vaccination uptakes have decreased in the last 4 years, coinciding with the current economic crisis. In our population, after a rapid initial increase, vaccination uptakes have decreased in the last 4 years(AU)

Clinical effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against pneumonia in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases: a matched case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV-23) is controversial, especially among people with high-risk conditions. This study assessed the clinical effectiveness of vaccination against pneumonia among patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study including 96 non-immunocompromised patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic pulmonary disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema and/or asthma), aged 50 y or older, with radiographically confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia (19 bacteremic and 77 nonbacteremic cases) and 192 outpatient control subjects with similar chronic pulmonary diseases (matched by primary care center, age, sex and main comorbidity). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for vaccination were calculated using conditional logistic regression, controlling for by underlying conditions. RESULTS: Pneumococcal vaccination did not alter significantly the risk of overall pneumococcal pneumonia [adjusted OR: 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-1.39]. Point estimates of vaccine effectiveness was the maximum against bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia due to vaccine-serotypes, although neither reached statistical significance (adjusted OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.03-8.19). Vaccination pointed to a smaller benefit against nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (adjusted OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.33-1.34). Pneumococcal vaccination was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the risk of all pneumococcal pneumonia among persons 75 y or older (adjusted OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.16-1.27), but no apparent protective effect emerged among people 50-74 y (adjusted OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.62-3.56). CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the PPV-23 in preventing pneumonia among patients with chronic pulmonary disease is uncertain. Our results point to PPV-23 having little or null effect against pneumococcal pneumonia in such patients, but definitive conclusions cannot be established based on our data.

Clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination against acute myocardial infarction and stroke in people over 60 years: the CAPAMIS study, one-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Conflicting results have been recently reported evaluating the relationship between pneumococcal vaccination and the risk of thrombotic vascular events. This study assessed the clinical effectiveness of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) against acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in older adults. METHODS: Population-based prospective cohort study conducted from December 1, 2008 until November 30, 2009, including all individuals ≥ 60 years-old assigned to nine Primary Care Centres in Tarragona, Spain (N = 27,204 individuals). Primary outcomes were hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction and/or ischaemic stroke. All cases were validated by checking clinical records. The association between pneumococcal vaccination and the risk of each outcome was evaluated by Multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models (adjusted by age, sex, influenza vaccine status, presence of comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors). RESULTS: Cohort members were followed for a total of 26,444 person-years, of which 34% were for vaccinated subjects. Overall incidence rates (per 1000 person-years) were 4.9 for myocardial infarction and 4.6 for ischaemic stroke. In the multivariable analysis, vaccination was associated with a marginally significant 35% lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-0.99; p = 0.046). We found no evidence for an association between pneumococcal vaccination and reduced risk of myocardial infarction (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.56-1.22; p = 0.347). CONCLUSIONS: Our data supports a benefit of PPV23 against ischaemic stroke among the general population over 60 years, suggesting a possible protective role of pneumococcal vaccination against some acute thrombotic events.

[Evolution of the antipneumococcal vaccination coverage among children in the region of Tarragona, Spain, 2002-2011]. / Evolución de las coberturas de vacunación antineumocócica en la población infantil de Tarragona, 2002-2011.

BACKGROUND: In Catalonia, as in most Spanish regions, the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is not publicly funded, except for immunocompromised or high-risk children. This study assessed current vaccine coverage in the region of Tarragona, analyzing trends in vaccine uptakes throughout the 2002-2011 period by analyzing uptakes by year of birth. METHODS: Cross-sectional multicenter study that included all children <10 years attended between 01/12/2011 and 02/12/2011 in pediatric ambulatory visits in 9 Primary Care Centers in the region of Tarragona (N=521 children). Pneumococcal vaccine status was determined after clinical record review. Vaccine coverages were compared by chi-squared test. RESULTS: Among the total 521 children, 45.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.8-49.5) had received CPV. Vaccine coverages were 18.5% (95% CI: 9.3-31.4) for children born between 2002-2003, 38.6% (95% CI: 27.2-51.0) in 2004-2005, 62.5% (95% CI: 51.0-73.0) in 2006-2007, 50.8% (95% CI: 41.7-59.8) in 2008-2009 and 44.6% (95% CI: 36.8-51.3) in 2010-2011 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine coverage can be considered as intermediate/low. In our population, after a rapid initial increase, vaccination uptakes have decreased in the last 4 years, coinciding with the current economic crisis. In our population, after a rapid initial increase, vaccination uptakes have decreased in the last 4 years.