Análisis del error en los saltos xuanfengjiao y tengkong waibaitui en wushu. Un estudio piloto / Analysis of the Mistakes in Xuanfengjiao and Tengkong Waibaitui Jumps in Wushu

El objetivo de esta investigación es detectar y analizar mediante T-Patterns y coordenadas polares los errores técnicos y las secuencias conductuales que se producen en dos saltos con rotación de 540 grados integrados en las formas o rutinas de competición de wushu (taolu). Analizamos 47 formas de competición masculina sénior de ámbito internacional: 43 saltos Xuanfengjiao y 33 saltos Tengkong-Waibaitui. Los errores más frecuentes son el insuficiente grado de giro y la falta de altura de la patada a nivel de los hombros. Las secuencias de errores afectan al ataque del salto, al desarrollo aéreo, a la toma de suelo, y a la recepción y desequilibrios. Los técnicos, árbitros y entrenadores de wushu pueden utilizar estos resultados para mejorar el entrenamiento y desarrollo de la competición y perfeccionar la tarea de los docentes proporcionando feedbacks más precisos. (AU)

The objective of this research is to identify and analyze T-Patterns and polar coordinates and the technical and behavioral sequential mistakes that occur in two jumps with a rotation of 540 degrees integrated in the forms and routines of wushu competition (taolu). We analyzed 47 forms of an international senior men's competition: 43 Xuanfengjiao jumps and 33 Tengkong-Waibaitui jumps. The most frequent mistakes are the insufficient degree of rotation and the lack of height of the kick at shoulder level. The mistake sequences affect the attack of the jump, the aerial development, the landing on the floor, and the reception and imbalances. The wushu technicians, referees and coaches can use these results to improve the training and development of the competition and to improve the task of the teachers by providing more accurate feedbacks. (AU)

Injury patterns of professional footballers in the Spanish first division during the 2017-2018 seasons.

The objective of this research is to detect and analyze the injury patterns that were produced during the 2017-2018 seasons in the Spanish league. The study of the injuries in football concerns the scientific community and the clubs, due to the economic losses and the sports that are involved. The sample comprised 116 detected injuries through the database of TransferMarkt. The analysis incorporates official medical reports of the clubs. In order to obtain the results, we used different analysis techniques: statistical analysis with SPSS, the detection of T-Patterns with Theme and the analysis of polar coordinates with HOISAN. The most common injury was muscle strain (49.6%), where the hamstring fibrillary rupture protrudes, followed by sprains (17.1%) and bruises (16.3%). Generally, the players injured themselves (61.8%) and in the defensive zone (59.3%). There was a change in the trend regarding the player that injured themselves the most; formerly, the midfielder, and currently, the defender. It appears that a week-long rest is not effective, because the players injure themselves in the first 200 min after that rotation. Strains occur more frequently when the players are competing for more than 1,000 h, especially the ones in the defense and forward positions.

Detection of the technical and tactical motion of the scorable movements in taekwondo.

The objective of the study is to discover and analyze the patterns of the technical and tactical moves that score in combat in taekwondo. We analyzed 209 moves that could be scored (male category, <68 kg, international scene) employing different complementary analytical techniques: analyzing traditional statistics, detection of T-Patterns, consecutive delays and polar coordinates. The existing studies in taekwondo only use technical analysis. The complimentary relationship of technical analysis is a rare experience due to the strength that it entails, with just as much human resources as material resources. This situational analysis provides the technical and tactical aspects of the scorable actions in taekwondo, discovering which standard drivers permit a competitor to score. In the actions targeted towards the face, it is more common to score as a fault, doing the opposite of the actions towards the breastplate. The techniques that are used the most to score are bandal chagui, miro chagui and dolio chagui. Among the technical and tactical moves that score, we highlight the direct attack moves (a kick to the breastplate with the back leg extended bandal chagui), in counterattack and for technical correction. We suggest reinforcing these actions in the trainings.

Technical analysis in Tsuri-goshi through three complementary observational analysis.

The aim of this article is to identify the factors involved in learning judo based on an observational study of technical errors and their relationships. The analysis was carried out using a combination of a self-generated observational instrument (OI-JUDO-TG) and a recording instrument (developed with the Lince software) using a sample of 78 novice students. In addition, descriptive statistics and sequential analysis with polar coordinates and T-Patterns were obtained using the Hoisan and Theme software program. The implementation of the various analytical methods optimizes the knowledge of performance and the concretion of feedback, like the process of communication between the teacher and the student, that which will activate new neuronal connections in learning. The results confirmed that the most frequent chain of errors during the performance of the technique were as follows: (1) the lack of an initial imbalance, the incorrect placement of the feet, the head and (2) the head after the tsukuri of the technique, as well as the absence of load of the body during this phase and the lack of balance of the performer when finishing the projection. At the initiation of judo, analytical methods are not applied, but the personal experience or the immediate feedback from the teacher is applied. It proposes a new analytical method to learn the technical errors and the different ways to implement their correction. Through the observational analysis generated, intense relationships between the detected errors have been demonstrated, determining the presence of the ones that causes the occurrence of the others.

Effects of two different exercise programs on gait parameters in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study.

To date, little attempt has been made to compare or evaluate the effects of different physical exercise programs on gait disorders in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). This pilot study is aimed at obtaining preliminary data of the effects of two different exercise programs on gait parameters in people with PD by means of a biomechanical three-dimensional motion analysis. Twenty-five individuals with idiopathic PD participated either in a land-based (LB) or in a LB plus water-based (LWB) exercise program for 16 weeks. The efficacy of both exercise programs was quantified by means of a biomechanical gait analysis from which spatiotemporal and sagittal plane kinetic (gait speed, stride length, cadence, stride time, simple support time, double support time) and kinematic (angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints) variables were recorded. Once the intervention ended, significant changes were observed in stride length and single/double support time variables in all the patients. The intergroup analysis revealed the existence of significant differences only in the gait Speed and hip Angle parameters. Few significant improvements in the amplitude of lower limb joints were found. These results suggest that land-based and land-plus-water-based exercise programs can be considered as a useful physical rehabilitation alternative, both equally capable of improving gait impairment on Parkinson's disease.

The Senior Fitness Test as a functional measure in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study aimed to determine if the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery can be applied to subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) and whether its results can be reliable indicators of disease severity. METHODS: Thirty people with mild to moderate PD performed the SFT and completed the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). To compare the metric properties of the SFT battery with the UPDRS and the PDQ-39, a SFT sum-score was created. RESULTS: The tests that compose the SFT were successfully completed by the patients, except for the "Two-Minute Step Test" (2MST), which had to be shortened. We observed a strong correlation among the SFT's sum-score and the total scores of the PDQ-39 and the UPDRS. Some correlation was also found among the SFT's sum-score and the analyzed subscales, except for those assessing mental and cognitive levels. CONCLUSION: The SFT appears to be a useful tool to assess functional fitness in people with PD: it can be carried out in the clinical setting albeit with some minor modifications. However, its validity as an indicator of disease severity remains to be confirmed.