Estudio de la microestructura femoral de pacientes con coxartrosis y con fractura de cadera mediante micro-TAC / Study of the microstructure of femoral patients with hip osteoarthritis and hip fracture by microCT

La disminución de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO), es decir, del volumen de tejido óseo por unidad de volumen del esqueleto, es característica de la osteoporosis, mientras que se ha sugerido que la artrosis se acompaña de un aumento de la DMO a nivel local y sistémico. Para comprobar esta hipótesis analizamos mediante microTAC el hueso trabecular de la cabeza femoral de 10 pacientes con fractura de cadera y 9 con coxartrosis. El análisis no reveló diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en el volumen de tejido óseo trabecular, ni en los demás parámetros estructurales analizados. Tampoco se encontró una caída significativa del volumen de hueso trabecular con la edad. Esto indica que el hueso de esta región tiene una evolución peculiar. Los mecanismos responsables de ese comportamiento son desconocidos, pero su esclarecimiento podría, quizás, abrir la puerta a nuevos abordajes en el tratamiento de la pérdida de hueso asociada al envejecimiento (AU)

Whereas bone mineral density (BMD) is characteristically low in osteoporosis, it has been postulated that in osteoarthritis BMD is increased. We aimed to check this concept by analyzing bone volumen and structure in the femoral heads of patients with hip fractures (n=10) and with hip osteoarthritis (n=9). Unexpectedly, the analysis of microstructural parameters by microCT did not reveal significant differences between both groups. In addition, we did not find a significant decline in the trabecular bone volume across the age range studied. These results suggest that the evolution of the trabecular bone of the femoral head is different from the age-related decrease of bone mass in other regions of the skeleton. Elucidating the mechanism involved could suggest new approaches to treat the bone loss associated with aging (AU)

Determination of the mechanical properties of normal and calcified human mitral chordae tendineae.

The aim of the present research is to determine the influence of the calcification of human mitral valves on the mechanical properties of their marginal chordae tendineae. The study was performed on marginal chords obtained from thirteen human mitral valves, explanted at surgery, including six non-calcified, four moderately calcified and three strongly calcified valves. The mechanical response of the chords from the non-calcified and moderately calcified valves was determined by means of quasi-static tensile tests (the poor condition of the strongly calcified valves prevented them from being mechanically characterised). The material parameters that were obtained and analysed (the Young's modulus, the secant modulus, the proportional limit stress, the ultimate strength, the strain at fracture and the density of energy stored up to maximum load) revealed noticeable differences in mechanical behaviour between the two groups of mitral chordae tendineae. Large scatter was obtained in all cases, nevertheless, considering the mean values, it was observed that the normal chords are between three and seven times stiffer or more resistant than the moderately calcified ones. On the contrary, the results obtained for the strain at fracture showed a rather different picture as, in this case, no significant differences were observed between the two families of chords. A scanning electron microscopy study was conducted in order to find out the relevant features of the calcium deposits present in the calcified chordae tendineae. In addition, the general aspects appreciated in the stress vs. strain curves were correlated with the collagen morphological evidences determined microscopically. Finally, the calcium content present in the three groups of chords was quantitatively determined through atomic absorption spectroscopy; then, the relation between the mechanical properties of normal and moderately calcified chords as a function of its calcium content was obtained. This analysis confirmed the existence of a strong correlation between calcium content and stiffness or resistance whereas the influence on the ductility seems to be negligible.