CDDA: extension and analysis of the discrete dipole approximation for chiral systems.

Discrete dipole approximation (DDA) is a computational method broadly used to solve light scattering problems. In this work, we propose an extension of DDA that we call Chiral-DDA (CDDA), to study light-chiral matter interactions with the capability of describing the underlying physics behind. Here, CDDA is used to solve and analyze the interaction of a nanoantenna (either metallic or dielectric) with a chiral molecule located in its near field at different positions. Our method allowed to relate near field interactions with far field spectral response of the system, elucidating the role that the nanoantenna electric and magnetic polarizabilities play in the coupling with a chiral molecule. In general, this is not straightforward with other methods. We believe that CDDA has the potential to help researchers revealing some of the still unclear mechanisms responsible for the chiral signal enhancements induced by nanoantennas.

Dynamic reflective color pixels based on molybdenum oxide.

Active materials which show phase transitions, usually known as Phase Change Materials (PCM), have paved the way to a new generation of reconfigurable plasmonic platforms. Tunable color devices have experienced a great development in the recent years. In particular, reflective color filters can take advantage from sunlight to select and reflect a specific resonant wavelength in the visible spectrum range. Reflective displays are usually structural color filters based on asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavities (AFPCs). For a fixed geometry, most of AFPCs filters generate static color, limiting their potential as tunable color devices. Dynamic color is achieved by introducing an active layer whose optical properties can be modulated by an external stimuli. In this paper, we propose AFPCs based on molybdenum oxide (MoOx, 2

Factors related to psychopathological symptoms of female inmates of a prison in Lima.

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to know the relationship between age, time of incarceration, juridical situation, activity in prison, penitentiary classification and having or not children under eighteen years old, with the incidence of psychopathological symptoms of female inmates from a penitentiary in Lima. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SCL-90-R was used to determinate the psychopathological symptoms in 388 female inmates. Correlations and comparisons were made. RESULTS: Results show low negative correlation between age and depression, anxiety, hostility, psychoticism and PST; time of incarceration has a low negative correlation with depression, paranoid ideation and GSI. Comparisons show significant differences according juridical situation in interpersonal sensibility, depression, paranoid ideation, GSI and PSDI. According activity in prison differences were found in somatization, depression, anxiety, psychoticism, PST and GSI; and, according penitentiary classification differences were found in somatization, obsession compulsion, interpersonal sensibility, depression, anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, PST, GSI and PSDI. There were not differences between inmates with or without children under eighteen years old. DISCUSSION: No overcrowding, accessibility of treatment, and cultural differences are related to the low scores obtained. The low correlations might be related to intermediate variables that were not observed and its recommended to observe in future research.

Life History Traits and Predatory Performance of Belostoma anurum (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), a Biological Control Agent of Disease Vector Mosquitoes.

Understanding the life cycle and dietary requirements of laboratory-reared insects is critical for optimizing resources (including time) and can provide more reliable ecological basis for using such biological control agents in realistic programs. Here, we evaluated the complete development and the predatory abilities of Belostoma anurum (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), an aquatic predator widely distributed in Neotropical region, when reared at different diets. We firstly investigated the predatory performance of B. anurum nymphs upon mosquito larvae (i.e., larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1758) or Culex sp. (Diptera: Culicidae)) and, second, whether the immature diets (i.e., arthropod-based diet (mosquito larvae and adults of Notonectidae) or vertebrate (fish larvae)-based diet) affect the predatory behavior of B. anurum adults. The B. anurum egg-to-adult developmental time was 85.1 days in an arthropod-based diet. However, when a fish-based diet was offered after nymphs reached 3rd instar, we recorded up to 50% reductions on the B. anurum developmental time. Interestingly, B. anurum adults could live more than 1 year under laboratory conditions, independently of the immature diet regime. Furthermore, the fish diet-experienced B. anurum adults spent less time feeding on fish larvae when compared with adults that never experienced this type of diet. Predatory results revealed that 2nd instar B. anurum were more efficient to catch and consume larvae of A. aegypti than of Culex sp. Collectively, our findings show that B. anurum is long-lived aquatic predators, and demonstrate the impacts of dietary regime on the life history traits and predatory performance of these insects.

Factores relacionados a los síntomas psicopatológicos en internas de un establecimiento penitenciario de Lima / Factors related to psychopathological symptoms of female inmates of a prison in Lima

Objetivos: el objetivo de esta investigación es conocer cómo se relacionan la edad, el tiempo de reclusión, la situación jurídica, la actividad desarrollada en el penal, la clasificación de la interna y tener hijos menores de edad, con la incidencia de síntomas psicopatológicos en internas de un establecimiento penitenciario de Lima. Materiales y métodos: se empleó el Cuestionario de 90 Síntomas SCL-90 R para determinar los síntomas psicopatológicos en 388 internas, realizándose correlaciones y comparaciones con las variables sociodemográficas señaladas. Resultados: los resultados muestran relaciones negativas bajas entre la edad y la depresión, la ansiedad, la hostilidad, el psicoticismo y el total de síntomas positivos (PST, Positive Symptom Total); el tiempo de reclusión se correlacionó negativamente de manera muy significativa con la depresión, la ideación paranoide y el índice de distrés de síntomas positivos (PSDI, Positive Symptom Distress Index). Las comparaciones realizadas muestran diferencias significativas según la situación jurídica en sensibilidad interpersonal, depresión, ideación paranoide, intensidad del sufrimiento psíquico (GSI, Global Severity Index, medida generalizada e indiscriminada de intensidad del sufrimiento psíquico y psicosomático global) y PSDI, según la actividad realizada en somatización, depresión, ansiedad, psicoticismo, PST y GSI; y según la clasificación en somatización, obsesión compulsión, sensibilidad interpersonal, depresión, ansiedad, ideación paranoide, psicoticismo, PST, GSI y PSDI. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre las internas que tenían hijos menores de edad con las que no los tenían. Discusión: las bajas puntuaciones obtenidas se atribuyen a que no hay hacinamiento, a la accesibilidad al tratamiento, y a diferencias culturales. Las bajas correlaciones encontradas hacen presumir la existencia de variables intermediarias no observadas que deben ser consideradas en estudios futuros

Objectives: the objective is to know the relationship between age, time of incarceration, juridical situation, activity in prison, penitentiary classification and having or not children under eighteen years old, with the incidence of psychopathological symptoms of female inmates from a penitentiary in Lima. Materials and methods: the SCL-90-R was used to determinate the psychopathological symptoms in 388 female inmates. Correlations and comparisons were made. Results: results show low negative correlation between age and depression, anxiety, hostility, psychoticism and PST; time of incarceration has a low negative correlation with depression, paranoid ideation and GSI. Comparisons show significant differences according juridical situation in interpersonal sensibility, depression, paranoid ideation, GSI and PSDI. According activity in prison differences were found in somatization, depression, anxiety, psychoticism, PST and GSI; and, according penitentiary classification differences were found in somatization, obsession compulsion, interpersonal sensibility, depression, anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, PST, GSI and PSDI. There were not differences between inmates with or without children under eighteen years old. Discussion: no overcrowding, accessibility of treatment, and cultural differences are related to the low scores obtained. The low correlations might be related to intermediate variables that were not observed and its recommended to observe in future research

Factores de riesgo para carcinoma de endometrio de alto grado / Risk factors for high-grade endometrial carcinoma

El carcinoma de endometrio (CE) ha sido dividido de forma clásica en 2grupos: el tipo I, considerado de buen pronóstico y estrógeno dependiente y el tipo II, de peor pronóstico y estrógeno independiente. Esta subdivisión etiopatogénica no está tan clara cuando se habla de CE de alto grado. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los factores de riesgo asociados al CE de alto grado. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes multicéntrico en 3hospitales españoles de tercer nivel, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet en Zaragoza, Hospital Clínico San Carlos en Madrid y Hospital Virgen del Rocío en Sevilla, en el que se estudió la presencia de los factores de riesgo asociados al CE de alto grado histológico: endometrioide G3 (CEG3), carcinoma seroso (CS), carcinoma de células claras (CCC) y carcinosarcoma uterino o tumor mülleriano mixto maligno (TMMM). Se analizaron las posibles diferencias entre los subtipos y atendiendo a si se trataba de CE tipo I/II. Se incluyeron 373 CE de alto grado, de ellos, 135 fueron CEG3 o de tipo I y 238 de tipo II: 96 CS, 64 CCC y 78 TMMM. Resultados: La diabetes, obesidad, nuliparidad y utilización de tratamiento hormonal de reemplazo no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los subtipos. El TMMM fue el que con menor frecuencia se asoció a HTA y, por el contrario, el que mostró mayor asociación a la utilización de tamoxifeno. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo asociados a CE de alto grado son similares en el tipo I y II

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) has traditionally been divided into 2groups: type I, considered to have a good prognosis and to be oestrogen-dependent and type II, with a poorer prognosis and oestrogen-independent. The aim of the study is to analyse the risk factors associated with high-grade EC. Material and Methods: Retrospective multicentre cohort study in 3Spanish reference hospitals: Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet in Zaragoza, Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid and Hospital Virgen del Rocío in Seville. We studied the presence of risk factors associated with high grade EC: G3 endometrioid (G3EC), serous carcinoma (SC), clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and malignant mixed mesodermal tumours (MMMT). Differences between subtypes were analysed depending on whether the EC was type I or II. A total of 373 cases of high-grade EC were included, of which 135 were G3EC or type I and 238 were type II (96 SC, 64 CCC and 78 MMMT). Results: Diabetes, obesity, nulliparity and use of hormonal replacement therapy showed no significant difference between subtypes. MMMT was less frequently associated with hypertension and conversely it showed greater association with the use of tamoxifen. Conclusions: Risk factors associated with high-grade EC are similar in type I and II

Cáncer de metaplásico de mama: revisión de dos casos clínicos / Metaplastic breast cancer: review of two clinical cases

RESUMEN El carcinoma metaplásico de mama es un tipo de cáncer infiltrante que asemeja un carcinoma de alto grado histológico, pero cuya incidencia es muy baja (< 1%). Desde el punto de vista anatomopatológico presenta un componente mixto epitelial y mesenquimal; siendo lo más característico su comportamiento clínico altamente agresivo junto con unas características anatomopatológicas, inmunohistoquímicas concordantes, como son el HER2/neu negativo, los receptores hormonales negativos, el tamaño tumoral grande y el alto grado histológico. Por todo ello, resulta de especial interés conocer esta entidad, con la finalidad de realizar un diagnóstico preciso y llevar a cabo un tratamiento adecuado en estas pacientes. En el presente artículo se presenta la revisión de dos casos clínicos de cáncer de mama metaplásico, diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro Hospital durante el año 2015 y 2018.

ABSTRACT The metaplastic breast cancer is a subtype of an infiltranting breast cancer and it's usually high grade. However it is a rare subtype of cancer (incidence <1%). This cancer has an epithelial and connective tissues, which has an epithelial invasor ductal breast cancer with high grade and sarcomas breast. The main characteristic of the metaplastic breast cancer is their high agressive behavior as clinical as anatomopathological, which immunohistochemical expression is like a triple negative breast cancer. Because of this we consider that their knowledge is very important with the purpose of being diagnosed in women. In this paper it is showed a revision of two cases of metaplastic breast cancer, whose diagnostic and treatment were reported in our Centre.

Pénfigo vulgar: dificultad en el diagnóstico de un tipo de dermatosis vulvar poco frecuente. Reporte de un caso / Vulgar pemphigus: Difficulty in diagnosis of a infrequent vulvar dermatoses. A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: las alteraciones cutáneas de la vulva suponen un motivo frecuente de consulta a ginecólogos y dermatólogos. Los síntomas suelen ser imprecisos, con prurito y ardor, por lo que las pacientes tardan en acudir a consultar al médico. OBJETIVO: exponer un caso poco frecuente de pénfigo vulgar vulvar; además, revisar la incidencia, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y estrategias de tratamiento. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente de 86 años de edad que acudió a consulta por la aparición de lesiones vulvares ulceradas y ardorosas de dos meses de evolución. Se obtuvo una biopsia para el estudio histológico, cuyo resultado fue acantólisis y formación de una vesícula intraepidérmica suprabasal, sin evidencia de disqueratosis o necrosis. Se prescribieron corticoesteroides por vía tópica y oral durante un mes. Después de ese lapso se realizó un estudio de control, esta vez de una lesión más reciente, que evidenció infiltrado inflamatorio linfoplasmocitario con aislados eosinófilos, sin permeación del epitelio. La inmunofluorescencia directa reportó depósitos intercelulares de IgG en todo el espesor de la epidermis y de C3 en los estratos suprabasales, con lo que se confirmó el diagnóstico de pénfigo vulgar. CONCLUSIONES: para establecer el diagnóstico de las dermatosis vulvares poco frecuentes es importante efectuar una correcta correlación clínico-patológica, pues la mayor parte de estas enfermedades se manifiestan casi de forma idéntica.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The skin diseases of the vulva are a frequent reason for consultation with both gynecologists and dermatologists. The clinical symptoms are usually vague as pruritus or stinging and patients usually consult later. OBJECTIVE: To document a case of vulgaris vulvar pemphigus, and review the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies and treatment. CLINCAL CASE: An 86-year-old patient who came to medical service for ulcerated and burning vulvar lesions of two months of progression. A biopsy was obtained for the histological study, which resulted in acantholysis and suprabasal intraepidermal vesicle, without evidence of dyskeratosis or necrosis. We prescribe topical and oral corticosteroids during a month. Posteriorly, a control study was performed of the most recent lesion that evidenced lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophilic isolates, without epithelial permeation. Direct immunofluorescence test reported intercellular deposits, IgG throughout the thickness of the epidermis, and C3 in the suprabasal stratum, thus confirming the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. CONCLUSIONS: For correct diagnosis it is essential the clinic-pathological correlation, because many of these diseases manifest themselves almost identically.

Cáncer de cérvix: estudio de la casuística en el Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza desde el año 2003 al 2011 / Cervical cancer: Casuistics in the Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet of Zaragoza 2003-2011

El cáncer de cérvix es el segundo tumor ginecológico a nivel mundial. El principal motivo identificado es no haber practicado un cribado citológico adecuado. Hemos elaborado un estudio descriptivo de los casos de cáncer de cérvix atendidos en nuestro centro desde enero del 2003 hasta diciembre del 2011. En este periodo fueron diagnosticadas de este tipo de cáncer 213 pacientes La media de edad fue de 54,80 ± 16,22; con un rango de 19 a 89 años y una moda de 49 años. El 81,6% de las pacientes fueron españolas y el 18,4% extranjeras. En cuanto al tratamiento del proceso el 59,4% de las pacientes se operaron de entrada y en el 40,6% el tratamiento inicial fue la radioquimioterapia. El estadio tumoral más frecuente fue el IIB seguido del IB1. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el carcinoma escamoso (61,3%) seguido del adenocarcinoma (22,6%). La mayor parte de las pacientes atendidas en el Hospital eran de nuestra área (84,8%) y un 15,2% fueron remitidas de otros centros u otras regiones

Cervical cancer is the second most frequent gynecological tumor worldwide. The main reason for this frequency is not practicing adequate cytological screening. We performed a descriptive study of patients with invasive cervical cancer treated at our center from January 2003 through December 2011. In this period, 213 patients were diagnosed with cervical cancer. The mean age was 54.80 ± 16.22 years, with a range of 19 to 89 years and a mode of 49 years. A total of 81.6% of the patients were Spanish and 18.4% were foreign. Treatment was surgical in 59.4% of the patients and the initial treatment was radio-chemotherapy in 40.6%. The most frequent tumoral stage was IIB followed by IB1. The most common histological type was squamous carcinoma (61.3%), followed by adenocarcinoma (22.6%). Most of the patients treated at the hospital came from our catchment area (84.8%) and 15.2% were sent from other centers or regions

Amniodrenaje en el manejo del polihidramnios severo sintomático / Amnioreduction in the management of severe symptomatic polyhydramnios

El polihidramnios severo es una complicación de la gestación que incrementa el riesgo de resultados desfavorables de tipo materno y fetal. La realización de un amniodrenaje en estos casos puede restablecer una presión normal del líquido amniótico mejorando el bienestar materno y prolongando la gestación al disminuir el riesgo de parto pretémino y rotura prematura de membranas. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el manejo de 2 pacientes, con polhidramnios severo, que fueron tratadas mediante la técnica de amniodrenaje

Pregnancies complicated by hydramnios are at increased risk of both maternal and fetal complications. Amnioreduction can restore normal amniotic pressure, thus increasing maternal comfort and prolonging pregnancy by limiting the risk of preterm labor and rupture of membranes. We present our experience in the management of two patients with severepolyhydramnios who were treated with amnioreduction

Cautious observation or blanket scanning? An investigation into paediatric attendances to an emergency department after head injury.

In September 2007, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK issued a newly updated guideline (CG56) on the early care of adults and children with head injuries.(8) The guideline gives some new recommendations, in particular with regards to imaging of children with head injury. We undertook a study to investigate the management of children presenting with head injury to our emergency department and to assess their outcomes and the CT scanning rate. We then retrospectively applied the new NICE guidelines, using information documented in the case notes, to establish whether adherence to the guidelines would significantly affect CT scanning rates. 237 paediatric head injury cases were seen over the 2-month period that was studied. The actual CT scanning rate observed was 2.1%, rising to 18.1% after strictly applying NICE criteria. This increased scanning rate raises some important issues with regards to patient safety and service provision.

Impacto de un programa de comunciación en salud bucal para niños con restraso mental Iigero.

Con el propósito de evaluar el impacto de un programa de comunicación en salud bucal para niños con retraso mental ligero, se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa, en la escuela especial "Nguyen Van Troi" del municipio de Camagüey desde septiembre del 2003 a septiembre del 2005.La muestra estuvo conformada por 29 niños de seis a 10 años, sus padres y educadores, a los que previamente se les realizó el diagnóstico de salud bucal y educativo, A partir del mismo se diseñó el programa educativo acorde a la edad psicológica de los niños y teniendo en cuenta los términos de comunicación en salud.La intervención se realizó durante seis meses, en más del 80 % de los niños mejoró la información higiénico sanitario bucal y disminuyeron los factores de riesgo. Los padres y educadores opinaron que las actividades educativas fueron beneficiosas, con un impacto positivo para todo.(AU)

Carcinoma gástrico precoz mucinoso: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

El carcinoma gástrico mucinoso (CGM) es infrecuente representa el 3% de todos los canceres gástricos (1). Detectado ocasionalmente en estadios precoces (2), con una relación avanzados/precoces de 2.1 - 2.3% y 0.3 - 1.0% respectivamente (1, 2). Correspondiendo el CGM en estadio precoz al 0.02 de todos los carcinomas gástricos. Se reporta este inusual caso de paciente femenina de 72 años de edad quien consultó por síntomas dispépticos, se hizo el diagnóstico histológico de ADC gástrico, por biopsia endoscópica, siendo sometida a gastrectomía subtotal, y cuyo reporte definitivo de la pieza quirúrgica fue CGM precoz, con compromiso submucoso, sin evidencia de ganglios metastáticos.

Mucinous gastric cancer (MGC) is very rare. The incidence of MGC is about 3% among all gastric cancers and only occasionally detected in early -stage with a relation between advanced and early gastric cancer around 2.3- 21% and 0.3- 1% respectively. Early-stage mucinous gastric cancer represents 0.02 of all gastric cancer types. We report an unusual case of a 72 years old female patient with histological diagnosis of gastric Adenocarcinoma. A total gastrectomy was performed. Final diagnosis was that of an early mucinous gastric cancer involving the submucosal layer without lymph node metastasis.

Human Gongylonema infection in Iran.

The first human infection with Gongylonema in Iran is reported in a 35-year-old Iranian woman with complaints of one year duration and treated as a psychotic patient. Two worms, a male, and a female, were retrieved, described, and identified as G. pulchrum based on their morphological characteristics.

Fluorometría; un método rápido y sencillo para evaluar la Actividad Antipalúdica / Fluorometers; a rapid and simple method for evaluating the Antimalarial Activity

La Malaria es una enfermedad que oscila entre 250 y 300 millones de casos y aproximadamente dos millones de muertes anualmente1. Esta enfermedades causada por cuatro especies de Plasmodium (P.falciparum, P. vivax, P.ovale y P. malariae) que son transmitidas a los humanos por picadura de las hembras del mosquito Anopheles. El aumento de la resistencia del parásito al tratamiento con agentes antimaláricos conocidos como la cloroquina se convierte en uno de los aspectos responsables del crecimiento de esta enfermedad. Además de este problema también se cuenta con la resistencia delvector a los insecticidas y la limitación de una potencial vacuna antimalárica, todo esto contribuye a la necesidad urgente de encontrar nuevos agentes para el tratamiento de la malaria, en particular agentes efectivos contra P. falciparum, que es la responsable de la forma más severa de malaria.

Evaluación de la actividad antipalúdicapor medio de un Método ColorimétricoAlternativo / Evaluation of the actitvity antipalúdica for average of a Method colorimétrico alternativo

La situación de la malaria en el mundo tropical se agrava cada año debido a la disminución de los esfuerzos de la lucha contra el paludismo, el desarrollo de la resistencia de los vectores a insecticidas, la expansión de la resistencia del parásito a la Cloroquina y a la mayoría de los otros antipalúdicos empleados.

Physical growth and nutritional status of Tsimane' Amerindian children of lowland Bolivia.

This study examines patterns of growth and nutritional status of indigenous Tsimane' children under 9 years of age (n = 199 boys and 210 girls), based on a cross-sectional sample from 58 villages from the Beni Deparment of lowland Bolivia. Compared with US children, Tsimane' children are quite short, with linear growth tracking at or below the US 5th centile in both sexes. The prevalence of low height-for-age ("stunting;" HA Z-scores

Sepse grave e choque séptico em crianças com câncer: fatores preditores de óbito / Severe sepsis and septic shock in children with cancer

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas das crianças e adolescentes portadores de doenças oncológicas que foram admitidos na UTIP apresentando sepse grave ou choque séptico. E determinar os fatores preditores de óbito e uso de ventilação pulmonar mecânica (VPM). MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas prospectivamente 33 crianças com diagnóstico de sepse grave ou choque séptico, na UTIP do Hospital do Câncer, entre junho e dezembro de 2001. RESULTADOS: Durante o período houve 33 internações, cuja idade variou entre 1 e 23 anos; 16 (48 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e 17 (52 por cento) do sexo feminino. Vinte pacientes eram portadores de leucemia ou linfoma e 13 pacientes de tumores sólidos. Vinte e oito pacientes apresentaram quadro infeccioso documentado. Houve crescimento de patógenos em 73 por cento, sendo que as infecções por germes gram-negativos foram responsáveis por 67 por cento das amostras. Suporte respiratório foi necessário em 18 casos (54 por cento), a administração de drogas inotrópicas em 22 casos (67 por cento) e em quatro casos a diálise foi indicada. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 41 por cento para os pacientes que necessitaram de drogas inotrópicas, 69 por cento para os que utilizaram VPM e 100 por cento para aqueles submetidos à diálise. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 27 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados sugerem que o início precoce de tratamento intensivo para crianças com câncer apresentando sepse grave e choque séptico pode ser um fator capaz de influenciar a mortalidade desses pacientes. E a utilização da ventilação pulmonar mecânica não invasiva demonstrou ser um procedimento capaz de reduzir a necessidade de intubação orotraqueal e ventilação pulmonar mecânica invasiva.