The effect of three different rotary instrumentation systems on substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in human periodontal ligament.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of three different rotary root canal preparation systems on substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in healthy human periodontal ligament. METHODS: Fifty periodontal ligament samples were obtained from healthy premolars in which extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. Before extraction, 40 of these premolars were equally divided into four groups, and root canals were prepared using four different systems: the ProTaper Universal rotary system, the RaCe rotary system, the Mtwo rotary system, and the hand instrumentation technique. The remaining 10 healthy premolars that were extracted without treatment served as a negative control group. All periodontal ligament samples were processed, and SP and CGRP were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Greater SP and CGRP expression were found in the ProTaper Universal group followed by the hand instrumentation group, the RaCe, and the Mtwo groups. The lower SP and CGRP values were for the negative control group. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.0001). Post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests showed statistically significant differences in SP and CGRP expression between the negative control group and all the other groups except the Mtwo group. Hand instrumentation also showed statistically significant differences with all the other groups, except the ProTaper Universal group. Differences between the three rotary systems were also statistically significant. CONCLUSION: SP and CGRP expression in periodontal ligament increases when teeth are prepared with ProTaper Universal and RaCe rotary instrumentation systems as well as with hand instrumentation. Mtwo maintains SP and CGRP levels.

Especies de cándida en relación con el conteo de CD4 en pacientes con VIH-SIDA / Candida’s species in relation with CD4 counts in HIV-AIDS patients

ANTECEDENTES: La presencia de candidiasis oral en pacientes VIH(+) es frecuente cuando los conteos de CD4 se encuentran disminuidos provocando que el sistema inmune se encuentre incapacitado para responder ante microorganismos oportunistas como la candida; las diferentes especies de ésta que se encuentran en la flora oral en condiciones naturales son las causantes del desarrollo de candidiasis oral. OBJETIVO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional por medio del aislamiento de levaduras de candida para identificar cuál es la especie que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes VIH(+) en relación con el conteo de células CD4. MÉTODOS: Se tomaron 45 pacientes divididos en 3 grupos de 15 pacientes según sus conteos de CD4, menores de 200 células/mm3, entre 201 y 499 células/mm3 y mayores de 500 células/mm3. Se realizó un isopado del dorso de la lengua de cada paciente y se cultivó en agar Cromocándida Becton B-Dickinsonâ. RESULTADOS: Luego de una semana se observó que el 29% de las muestras fueron positivas para crecimiento de levaduras, del total de estas el 68% fueron positivas para C. Albicans, el 19% C. Tropicalis y el 13% C. Krusei. Y el 54% se presentaron en pacientes con conteos de CD4 inferiores a las 200 células/ mm3, el 31% en el los pacientes con 201 y 499 células/ mm3 y el 15% en los pacientes con conteos superiores a las 500 células/ mm3. La especie de mayor frecuencia de aislamiento fue la C. Albicans y el crecimiento de las especies se encontró con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes con conteos de CD4 inferiores a las 200 células/mm3.

BACKGROUND: Oral candidiasis is common in HIV(+) patients when their CD4 counts are significantly diminished making the immune system incapable of answer to opportunistic microorganisms as candida, the different candida’s species that are normally found in oral flora in normal conditions are the causes for the development of oral candidiasis, PURPOSE: An in vitro study was made making an isolation of candida yeasts for the identification of the most common specie that is found in HIV(+) patients that attend the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Dental School in relation with their CD4 counts. 45 patients were chosen and assigned to 3 groups of 15 patients each according to their CD4 counts, less than 200 cells/mm3, between 201 and 499 cells/mm3 and more than 500 cells/mm3. A sample of plaque was taken from the tongue of each patient and was cultivated in Chromoagar Candida Becton B-dickinson® RESULTS: After a week, 29% of the samples were positive for yeasts growth, of these 68% were C. albicans, 19% C. tropicalis and 13% C. krusei. 54% were found in patients with their CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3, 31% in patients with CD4 between 201 and 499 cells/mm3 and 15% in those with more than 500 cells/mm3. The specie most frequently found in the isolations was C. albicans and the growth of the species was found with major frequency in those patients with their CD4 counts low to 200 cells/mm3.