A Preliminary Investigation about the Influence of WIMU PROTM Location on Heart Rate Accuracy: A Comparative Study in Cycle Ergometer.

Technological development has boosted the use of multi-sensor devices to monitor athletes' performance, but the location and connectivity between devices have been shown to affect data reliability. This preliminary study aimed to determine whether the placement of a multi-sensor device (WIMU PROTM) could affect the heart rate signal reception (GARMINTM chest strap) and, therefore, data accuracy. Thirty-two physical education students (20 men and 12 women) performed 20 min of exercise in a cycle ergometer based on the warm-up of the Function Threshold Power 20 test in laboratory conditions, carrying two WIMU PROTM devices (Back: inter-scapula; Bicycle: bicycle's handlebar-20 cm from the chest) and two GARMINTM chest straps. A one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping test found full agreement between the two situations (inter-scapula vs. bicycle's handlebar). Excellent intra-class correlation values were obtained during the warm-up (ICC = 0.99, [1.00-1.00], p < 0.001), the time trial test (ICC = 0.99, [1.00-1.00], p < 0.001) and the cool-down (ICC = 0.99, [1.00-1.00], p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plots confirmed the total agreement with a bias value of 0.00 ± 0.1 bpm. The interscapular back placement of the WIMU PROTM device does not affect heart rate measurement accuracy with a GARMINTM chest strap during cycling exercise in laboratory conditions.

Body surface area is a predictor of maturity status in school children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Generally, Body surface area (BSA) changes significantly during growth and maturation. These increases portend a possible relationship between body size as determined by BSA with maturational status in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between maturity status (MS) obtained by non-invasive anthropometric methods and body surface area (BSA) in children and adolescents of both sexes in a regional population of Chile. Additionally, we sought to verify the type of linear or nonlinear relationship between MS and BSA in both sexes. METHODS: A descriptive (cross-sectional) study was designed in 950 children and adolescents of both sexes (539 males and 411 females). The age range ranged from 6.0 to 17.9 years. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated: body weight, standing height, sitting height. MS was assessed by means of two non-invasive anthropometric techniques. Both techniques predict peak years of growth velocity (APHV) through a regression equation for each sex. BSA (m2) was estimated by means of the Haycock equation. RESULTS: The R2 in the linear model is relatively lower (R2 = 0.80 to 0.89 in males and 0.74 to 0.66 in females) in relation to the nonlinear quadratic model (R2 = 0.81 in males and 0.76 to 0.69). The quadratic nonlinear quadratic model reflected an adequate fit (RMSE) for the data set, being in men (RMSE = 1.080 and 1.125), while in women (RMSE = 1.779 and 1.479). CONCLUSION: BSA is positively associated with MS determined by two non-invasive methods in Chilean children and adolescents: The nonlinear quadratic model was a better fit to the data distribution. The results suggest the use of BSA as a possible predictor of maturity status in Chilean youth.

Aptitud física en jóvenes futbolistas y no-futbolistas por edadcronológica y estado de madurez chilenos / Physical fitness in young Chilean soccer and non-football players by chronological age and maturity stage

Introducción: Durante el periodo de la adolescencia se producen cambios en el cuerpo, siendo importante identificar las diferencias individuales de madurez entre los adolescentes. En el caso de los futbolistas, esto puede generar diferencias en su rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: Comparar el desempeño físico de jóvenes futbolistas vs escolares (no futbolistas) según edad cronológica y estado de madurez. Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio de tipo descriptivo-comparativo en 139 jóvenes (62 futbolistas con 16,38±1,30 años y 77 escolares con 16,35±1,45años). La selección de la muestra fue de tipo no probabilística por conveniencia. El rango de edad fue entre 14 a 18 años de edad. Se evaluó el peso, la estatura, velocidad 20 metros, salto horizontal (SH), y la prueba de aptitud aeróbica de Leger. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), los años de pico de velocidad de crecimiento (APVC), y el VO2max absoluto y relativo. Resultados: Los jóvenes futbolistas presentaron mayor VO2max absoluto y relativo en comparación con sus similares escolares, tanto por edad cronológica y estado de madurez. Hubo correlación positiva significativa (p<0.05) entre la edad y los APVC con el VO2max absoluto y salto horizontal, y negativa con la velocidad de 20 metros. No hubo correlación entre la edad y APVC con el VO2máx relativo (edad y VO2máx, r= 0.10, p=0.023 y APVC y VO2máx, r= 0.07, p= 0.036). Conclusión: Los jóvenes futbolistas presentaron un mejor VO2max absoluto y relativo, SH y velocidad 20m en relación a los no-futbolistas, tanto por edad cronológica y estado de madurez, aunque, el desempeño físico se observa mejor por estado de madurez, especialmente en el VO2max y en el SH. Estos resultados sugieren que los profesionales del futbol deben considerar el control del estado de madurez como una alternativa para categorizar a los futbolistas cuando se evalúa y trabaja el desempeño físico.(AU)

Introduction: During the adolescent period, changes ingrowth and body composition occur, and it is important toidentify individual differences in maturity among adolescents. In the case of soccer players, they may show better physicalfitness than their non-football players.Objective: To compare the physical fitness of young soccer players vs non-football players, according to chronologicalage and maturity status.Methodology: A descriptive-comparative study was carriedout in 139 young people (62 soccer players aged 16.38±1.30years and 77 schoolchildren aged 16.35±1.45 years). Thesample selection was non-probabilistic by convenience. Theage range ranged from 14 to 18 years old. Weight, height,speed 20 meters, horizontal jump (SH), and Leger’s aerobicfitness test were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), peak years of growth velocity (APVC), and absolute and relativeVO2max were calculated.Results: Young soccer players presented higher absoluteand relative VO2max compared to their similar non-footballplayers, both by chronological age and maturity status. Therewas significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between age andAPVC with absolute VO2max and horizontal jump, and negative with 20-meter speed. There was no correlation betweenage and APVC with relative VO2max (age and VO2max, r=0.10, p=0.023 and APVC and VO2max, r= 0.07, p= 0.036).Conclusion: Young soccer players presented better absolute and relative VO2max, SH and 20m speed in relation tonon-football players, both by chronological age and maturitystatus, although, physical performance is better observed bymaturity status, especially in VO2max and SH. These resultssuggest that professionals working in grassroots soccershould consider the control of maturity status as an alternative to categorize soccer players when evaluating and workingon physical performance.(AU)

[Lifestyle and physical condition factors associated with gender-specific BMI in Spanish preadolescents]. / Factores relacionados con el estilo de vida y la condición física que se asocian al IMC en función del género en preadolescentes españoles.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has become one of the most serious health problems in our society and is associated with a multitude of conditions and complications at puberty. Through this descriptive, cross-sectional study we intended, first, to know the differences by gender in lifestyle and physical condition variables, and second, to know the determinants related to lifestyle and physical condition for a Spanish population aged 10 to 12 years with a medium socioeconomic status. The variables analyzed were BMI, physical condition variables (agility, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory capacity), and health habit variables (quality and frequency of food, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and sleep duration). We found significant differences between girls and boys in food quality and frequency, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, flexibility, and maximum oxygen consumption variables. In the predictive analysis, the models significantly predicted the BMI for the total sample, the group of boys, and the group of girls. Explanatory variables include quality of breakfast, sedentary lifestyle, VO2 max and agility.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La obesidad se ha convertido en uno de los problemas de salud más graves de la sociedad y se relaciona con multitud de afecciones y complicaciones en la pubertad. Mediante este estudio descriptivo, transversal y poblacional se pretende, en primer lugar, conocer las diferencias entre las variables del estilo de vida y la condición física de cada género y, en segundo lugar, conocer los determinantes relacionados con el estilo de vida y la condición física en una población española de 10 a 12 años de edad con nivel socioeconómico medio. Las variables analizadas fueron el IMC, las variables de condición física (agilidad, flexibilidad y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria) y las variables de los hábitos de salud (calidad y frecuencia alimentaria, práctica de actividad física, sedentarismo y descanso nocturno). Encontramos diferencias significativas entre chicas y chicos para las variables de calidad y frecuencia alimentarias, actividad física, sedentarismo, flexibilidad y consumo máximo de oxígeno. En el análisis predictivo, los modelos predijeron significativamente el IMC de la muestra total, del grupo de chicos y del grupo de chicas, siendo las variables explicativas la calidad del desayuno, el sedentarismo de pantalla, el VO2 máx y la agilidad.

EFFECTS OF AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM (HHP) ON THE PROMOTION OF HEALTHY HABITS IN EARLY ADOLESCENCE.

BACKGROUND: it is vital to monitor and promote healthy lifestyle habits in early adolescence, as it is a time of changes when future lifestyle habits are formed. METHODS: a study was conducted to find out the effects of a Healthy Habits Program (HHP) in children between the ages of 10 and 12 years (N = 158). The study included an intervention group (IG) (n = 90), which participated in the HHP for 8 months, and a control group (CG) (n = 100). In order to assess healthy habits in these children we used the Inventory of Healthy Habits (IHH), the reliability of which was previously evaluated (N = 134). RESULTS: the IHH obtained good reliability, Interclass Correlation Coefficient (range .506 - 884; p < .001) and Spearman Correlation Coefficient (range r = 529 - 884; p < .001). As regards the HHP, there were no differences in eating habits initially (p = .564), but by the end of the study (p = .001) the IG showed better habits. As for the other healthy habits indicators, the CG had better habits initially (p = .047), but the score of the IG improved and there were no differences between the groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: it was shown that the IHH is a suitable and reliable questionnaire for studying habits in adolescents. The HHP brought about changes in the IG, which achieved better scores for eating habits and sum of health habits.

Introducción: la vigilancia y promoción de los hábitos de vida saludables en la primera adolescencia resulta vital, por ser una etapa de cambios y configuración de futuros hábitos de vida. Metodologia: se realizaron dos estudios en niños entre 10-12 años de edad. El primero sobre la fiabilidad del Inventario de Hábitos Saludables (IHS) (N = 134), y el segundo de diseño cuasi-experimental (N = 158), para el estudio pre-post de los efectos del Programa de Hábitos Saludables (PHS). Los hábitos se midieron con el IHS; el grupo de intervención (GI) (n = 90) participó en el PHS durante 8 meses, y el (GC) (n = 100). Resultados: el IHS obtuvo una buena fiabilidad, siendo el índice de correlación interclase (rango .506 - 884; p < 0,001) y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (rango r = 529 - 884; p < .001). Respecto al PHS, no existieron diferencias de alimentación previas (p = 0,564), pero sí al final del mismo (p = 0,001), a favor del GI. Del resto de indicadores de hábitos saludables, el GC tenía mejores hábitos iniciales (p = 0,047), pero el GI mejoró su puntuación, no existiendo diferencias finales entre grupos. Conclusiones: el IHS resultó ser un cuestionario adaptado y fiable para el estudio de los hábitos en adolescentes. El PHS provocó cambios en el GI, consiguiendo mejores puntuaciones en alimentación y sumatorio de hábitos saludables.

Effects of an intervention program (HHP) on the promotion of healthy habits in early adolescence / Efectos de un programa de intervención (PHS) para la mejora de los hábitos saludables en la primera adolescencia

Background: it is vital to monitor and promote healthy lifestyle habits in early adolescence, as it is a time of changes when future lifestyle habits are formed. Methods: a study was conducted to find out the effects of a Healthy Habits Program (HHP) in children between the ages of 10 and 12 years (N=158). The study included an intervention group (IG) (n=90), which participated in the HHP for 8 months, and a control group (CG) (n=100). In order to assess healthy habits in these children we used the Inventory of Healthy Habits (IHH), the reliability of which was previously evaluated (N=134). Results: the IHH obtained good reliability, Interclass Correlation Coefficient (range .506-884; p<.001) and Spearman Correlation Coefficient (range r=529-884; p<.001). As regards the HHP, there were no differences in eating habits initially (p=.564), but by the end of the study (p=.001) the IG showed better habits. As for the other healthy habits indicators, the CG had better habits initially (p=.047), but the score of the IG improved and there were no differences between the groups at the end of the study. Conclusions: it was shown that the IHH is a suitable and reliable questionnaire for studying habits in adolescents. The HHP brought about changes in the IG, which achieved better scores for eating habits and sum of health habits (AU)

Introducción: la vigilancia y promoción de los hábitos de vida saludables en la primera adolescencia resulta vital, por ser una etapa de cambios y configuración de futuros hábitos de vida. Metodologia: se realizaron dos estudios en niños entre 10-12 años de edad. El primero sobre la fiabilidad del Inventario de Hábitos Saludables (IHS) (N=134), y el segundo de diseño cuasi-experimental (N=158), para el estudio pre-post de los efectos del Programa de Hábitos Saludables (PHS). Los hábitos se midieron con el IHS; el grupo de intervención (GI) (n=90) participó en el PHS durante 8 meses, y el (GC) (n=100). Resultados: el IHS obtuvo una buena fiabilidad, siendo el índice de correlación interclase (rango .506-884; p<0,001) y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (rango r=529- 884; p<.001). Respecto al PHS, no existieron diferencias de alimentación previas (p=0,564), pero sí al final del mismo (p=0,001), a favor del GI. Del resto de indicadores de hábitos saludables, el GC tenía mejores hábitos iniciales (p=0,047), pero el GI mejoró su puntuación, no existiendo diferencias finales entre grupos. Conclusiones: el IHS resultó ser un cuestionario adaptado y fiable para el estudio de los hábitos en adolescentes. El PHS provocó cambios en el GI, consiguiendo mejores puntuaciones en alimentación y sumatorio de hábitos saludables (AU)

Inteligencia emocional, motivación autodeterminada y satisfacción de necesidades básicas en el deporte / Emotional intelligence, self-determined motivation and basic needs satisfaction in sport

Los objetivos del estudio fueron: analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas BEIS-10 y BRSQ en castellano, demostrar la relación entre Inteligencia Emocional (IE) y Motivación Autodeterminada (MA), y entre IE y Satisfacción de Necesidades Básicas (SNB), analizar la IE de los alumnos que practican deporte extraescolar y de los que solo practican Educación Física, además de los practicantes de deportes individuales y colectivos. Muestra: 117 alumnos de un colegio público. Los resultados confirmaron la fiabilidad de las escalas. Existió una relación significativa entre los niveles de IE y los de MA, también existió una relación significativa entre los niveles de IE y los de SNB. Los alumnos que practican deportes colectivos, tuvieron mayores niveles de IE que los que sólo realizan Educación Física y no se pudo verificar que los alumnos que practicaban deportes colectivos tuvieran mayores niveles de IE que los que practicaban deportes individuales (AU)

The aims of this study were: to analyze the psychometric properties of scales BEIS-10 and BRSQ in Spanish, show the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and self-determined motivation (SDM) and between EI and Satisfaction of Basic Needs (SBN), analyze the EI of those students who practice extracurricular sports and of those who only practice Physical Education, as well as practitioners of individual and collective sports. Sample: 117 students of a public school. The results confirmed the reliability of scales. There was a significant association between levels of EI and SDM, and between levels of EI and SBN. Students who play collective sports, had higher levels of EI than those who only practice (..) (AU)