[The anti-Jo-1 syndrome - a specific form of myositis with interstitial lung disease]. / Das Anti-Jo-1-Syndrom - eine Sonderform der Myositis mit interstitieller Lungenerkrankung.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) may be associated with systemic inflammatory disorders and autoantibody production. The development of ILD has been described in detail in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Anti-synthetase antibodies, including anti-Jo-1 antibodies (antihistidyl-tRNA syntase), are found in up to 35 % of patients with myositis, 80 % of which constitute anti-Jo-1 antibodies. The anti-Jo-1 syndrome characteristically presents with myositis, shortness of breath, fever, polyarthritis/arthralgia, mechanic's hands, dermatomyositis-like skin lesions, signs of a connective tissue disease and/or Raynaud's phenomenon. ILD is an early diagnostic sign and shows focal infiltrates and an acinar pattern in CT scan. Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis with T-lymphocytic infiltrates in lung histology (VATS) or elevated IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines are further indicators for anti-Jo-1 syndrome. Corticosteroids eventually combined with an immunosuppressant drug are often required with reported beneficial effects, although not many therapeutic studies have been performed. Here we present a review of the current literature and a case report on anti-Jo-1 syndrome.