RESUMO
AIMS: To test whether the TCF7L2 gene was associated with gestational diabetes, whether the association between TCF7L2 and gestational diabetes was independent of HLA-DQB1*0602 and islet cell autoantibodies, as well as maternal age, number of pregnancies, family history of diabetes and the HLA-DQB1 genotypes, and to test whether the distribution of HLA-DQB1 alleles was affected by country of birth. METHODS: We genotyped the rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs7901695 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 gene in 826 mothers with gestational diabetes and in 1185 healthy control subjects in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne Study. The mothers were also typed for HLA-DQB1 genotypes and tested for islet cell autoantibodies against GAD65, insulinoma-associated antigen-2 and insulin. RESULTS: The heterozygous genotypes CT, GT and TC of the rs7903146 (T is risk for Type 2 diabetes), rs12255372 (T is risk for Type 2 diabetes) and rs7901695 (C is risk for Type 2 diabetes), respectively, as well as the homozygous genotypes TT, TT and CC of the rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs7901695, respectively, were strongly associated with gestational diabetes (P < 0.0001). These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for maternal age, number of pregnancies, family history of diabetes and HLA-DQ genotypes and were independent of the presence of islet cell autoantibodies. No interaction was observed between TCF7L2 and HLA-DQB1*0602, which was shown to be negatively associated with gestational diabetes in mothers born in Sweden (P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The TCF7L2 was associated with susceptibility for gestational diabetes independently of the presence of HLA-DQB1*0602 and islet cell autoantibodies and other factors such as maternal age, number of pregnancies, family history of diabetes and other HLA-DQ genotypes. The HLA-DQB1*0602 was negatively associated with gestational diabetes in mothers born in Sweden.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/genética , Diabetes Gestacional/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Ilhotas Pancreáticas , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteína 2 Semelhante ao Fator 7 de Transcrição/genética , Adulto , Diabetes Gestacional/imunologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Antígenos HLA-DQ/imunologia , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ , Humanos , Idade Materna , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Paridade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Gravidez , SuéciaRESUMO
Muscular changes in male forest machine operators with work-related neck and shoulder myalgia were studied. Enzyme cyto- and immunohistochemical analysis was carried on muscle biopsies obtained from ten myalgic subjects (M), nine non-myalgic selected in the same work place (NM) and six healthy young men (C). The M group displayed a significant increase in type IIA fibres in comparison to the C group. This hypertrophy was accompanied by a parallel increase in the capillary bed. Both the M and NM groups exhibited an increase in fibres with a disorganised mitochondrial pattern. Interestingly, fibres lacking cytochrome c oxidase occurred in the M group (0.9%) but also in the NM group (0.5%), suggesting a mitochondrial defect. Central nuclei (5.2%) and developmental myosin (3%) were also more frequent in the M group. These changes are probably related to injury-regeneration cycles. These data support the association between the work conditions and muscle changes in work-related trapezius myalgia.
Assuntos
Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Doenças Musculares/patologia , Doenças Profissionais/patologia , Dor/patologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Adulto , Capilares/fisiologia , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fibras Musculares de Contração Rápida/enzimologia , Fibras Musculares de Contração Rápida/ultraestrutura , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/ultraestrutura , Fibras Musculares de Contração Lenta/enzimologia , Fibras Musculares de Contração Lenta/ultraestrutura , Músculo Esquelético/irrigação sanguínea , Músculo Esquelético/ultraestrutura , Doenças Musculares/enzimologia , NAD/metabolismo , Doenças Profissionais/enzimologia , Dor/enzimologia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Ombro/patologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the endodontic status of selected teeth in a population over time, in order to get a long-term perspective of endodontically treated teeth. A random sample of the adult Swedish population was selected in 1974 and offered a clinical and radiographic examination. Eleven years later 351 of the selected persons attended a follow-up examination (1985). In radiographs, covering the mandibular premolar and molar regions, the status of 1974 was directly compared, tooth by tooth, with the status of 1985. The results showed that a number of endodontically treated teeth with an apical periodontitis healed during the observation period. During the same period, approximately the same number of endodontically treated teeth presented with a new apical periodontitis. This finding suggested that cross-sectional studies could provide reliable information on the long-term success rate of endodontic treatment at the population level. The periapical lesions that persisted or developed during the observation period were strongly related to incomplete root canal obturation, which is in agreement with observations in follow-up studies from teaching and specialist clinics.
