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1.
Thromb Res ; 162: 69-76, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29306729

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), maternal alloantibodies directed against paternally-derived platelet antigens are transported across the placenta to the fetus, where they may cause thrombocytopenia. The most serious complication of FNAIT is an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), which may cause death or life-long disability of the child. Apart from alloantibody-mediated platelet destruction, the clinical outcome in FNAIT may be affected by properties of neonatal platelets and possible functional effects on platelets caused by maternal alloantibodies. METHODS AND RESULTS: The function of umbilical cord blood platelets was compared with adult platelets in two assays, impedance aggregometry (Multiplate) and rotational thromboelastometry (Rotem). Both revealed a decreased in vitro neonatal platelet function compared to adult platelets. Consistent with this finding, activation using TRAP revealed less pronounced changes in the expression of CD62P, PAC-1, CD41 and CD42a in umbilical cord blood platelets compared to adult platelets. Furthermore, a monoclonal anti-HPA-1a antibody, derived from an immunized mother of two children with FNAIT, blocked fibrinogen binding to resting and activated umbilical cord blood and adult HPA-1aa and HPA-1ab platelets, interfered with platelet activation by TRAP, and impaired the function of umbilical cord blood HPA-1aa platelets in rotational thromboelastometry. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Reduced fibrinogen binding in the presence of anti-HPA-1a antibodies may disturb the neonatal hemostatic balance, characterized by poorly responsive platelets. This effect may operate in parallel to platelet destruction and contribute to the clinical outcome in FNAIT.


Assuntos
Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea/métodos , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
2.
Scand J Immunol ; 86(3): 135-142, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28605050

RESUMO

Natural killer (NK) cell responsiveness in the mouse is determined in an education process guided by inhibitory Ly49 and NKG2A receptors binding to MHC class I molecules. It has been proposed that inhibitory signalling in human NK cells involves Abl-1 (c-Abl)-mediated phosphorylation of Crk, lowering NK cell function via disruption of a signalling complex including C3G and c-Cbl, suggesting that NK cell education might involve c-Abl. Mice deficient in c-Abl expression specifically in murine NK cells displayed normal inhibitory and activating receptor repertoires. Furthermore, c-Abl-deficient NK cells fluxed Ca2+ normally after triggering of ITAM receptors, killed YAC-1 tumour cells efficiently and showed normal, or even slightly elevated, capacity to produce IFN-γ after activating receptor stimulation. Consistent with these results, c-Abl deficiency in NK cells did not affect NK cell inhibition via the receptors Ly49G2, Ly49A and NKG2A. We conclude that signalling downstream of murine inhibitory receptors does not involve c-Abl and that c-Abl plays no major role in NK cell education in the mouse.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-abl/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Imunidade Inata , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Subfamília C de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/metabolismo , Receptor 1 Desencadeador da Citotoxicidade Natural/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-abl/genética
3.
Scand J Immunol ; 85(6): 417-424, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28426135

RESUMO

Eosinophils like many myeloid innate immune cells can provide cytokines and chemokines for the activation of other immune cells upon TLR stimulation. When TLR-stimulated eosinophils were inoculated i.p. into wild-type mice, and NK cells were rapidly recruited and exhibited antitumour cytotoxicity. However, when mice depleted of CD11c+ cells were used, a marked decrease in the number of recruited NK cells was observed. We postulated that CpG or LPS from the injected eosinophils could be transferred to host cells, which in turn could recruit NK cells. However, by inoculating mice deficient in TLR4 or TLR9 with LPS or CpG-stimulated eosinophils respectively, NK cell recruitment was still observed alongside cytotoxicity and IFNγ production. CpG stimulation of eosinophils produced the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 and the chemokine CXCL10, which are important for NK cell activation and recruitment in vivo. To demonstrate the importance of CXCL10 in NK cell recruitment, we found that CpG-stimulated eosinophils pretreated with the gut microbial metabolite butyrate had reduced expression and production of CXCL10 and IL-12 and concomitantly were poor at recruitment of NK cells and inducing IFNγ in NK cells. Therefore, eosinophils like other innate immune cells of myeloid origin can conceivably stimulate NK cell activity. In addition, products of the gut microbiota can be potential inhibitors of NK cell.


Assuntos
Eosinófilos/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor Toll-Like 9/imunologia , Transferência Adotiva/métodos , Animais , Antígeno CD11c/imunologia , Antígeno CD11c/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocina CXCL10/imunologia , Quimiocina CXCL10/metabolismo , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Eosinófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/imunologia , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Células Mieloides/imunologia , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/imunologia , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/farmacologia , Peritônio/efeitos dos fármacos , Peritônio/imunologia , Peritônio/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 9/genética
4.
Vox Sang ; 112(1): 33-39, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28001307

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present general plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate in polyvinylchloride (PVC) blood bags is only physically dispersed in PVC and will therefore leach into blood components. The objective of this study was to perform a first preliminary red blood cell (RBC) storage evaluation in a new blood bag manufactured of polyolefin without any inclusion of potentially migrating substances. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a RBC storage study for 42 days. Blood collection was performed in a polyolefin-based PVC-free blood bag. RBCs were prepared within 8 h. Two different RBC additive solutions were used, either PAGGS-M or PAGGG-M. We weekly measured pH, K+ , glucose, lactate, haemolysis, red cell ATP and 2,3-DPG. RESULTS: RBC storage in PAGGS-M resulted in high haemolysis levels already after 21 days, exceeding the European maximum limit of 0·8%, and low ATP levels by the end of the storage period. With PAGGG-M, haemolysis exceeded 0·8% after 28 days of storage. For additional parameters, the results were comparable to those of previous studies in conventional blood bags. CONCLUSION: This is a first preliminary study of RBC storage in a new type of blood bags. PAGGG-M gave encouraging results except for its inability to prevent increased haemolysis. There will be room for further development of RBC additive solutions to address the haemolysis problems. Plasma should also be tested regarding the stability of coagulation and activation pathway variables. There may also be a potential for future use of the bag for preparation of pooled buffy-coat-derived platelets.


Assuntos
Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Polienos/toxicidade , 2,3-Difosfoglicerato/análise , Adenina/farmacologia , Adulto , Idoso , Glicemia/análise , Preservação de Sangue/instrumentação , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Eritrócitos/citologia , Feminino , Glucose/farmacologia , Guanosina/farmacologia , Hematócrito , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/análise , Masculino , Manitol/farmacologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Potássio/análise , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Transfus Med ; 27(1): 43-51, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27862486

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the specificities and level of HLA class I antibodies in selected cases referred for suspected foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). BACKGROUND: FNAIT occurs in 1 : 1-2000 live births, whereas maternal immunisation against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I is common. Whether HLA class I antibodies alone can cause FNAIT is debatable. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 260 patient samples were referred between 2007 and 2012. Referrals with maternal HLA class I antibodies and no other cause for the neonatal thrombocytopenia were included for analysis (cases, n = 23). HPA-1a negative mothers were excluded. Control groups were screened positive mothers of healthy neonates (controls, n = 33) and female blood donors (blood donors, n = 19). LABScreen single antigen HLA class I beads was used for antibody analysis. Clinical records were reviewed for cases. RESULTS: All groups had broad antibody reactivity. Cases had more antibodies with high SFI levels compared with the controls (SFI>9999; medians 26, 6 and 0; P < 0·05) and higher overall median HLA-ABC and HLA-B SFI (P < 0·05). Many of the antibodies were reactive with rare alleles. When reviewing the clinical records, several of the cases had other contributing factors to the thrombocytopenia. There was no correlation between foetal platelet count and antibody levels. CONCLUSION: Mothers of thrombocytopenic neonates had higher levels of HLA class I antibodies compared with control groups of women with healthy children and female blood donors. However, clinical outcome and antibody response correlated poorly in the heterogeneous case group, indicating a multifactorial cause to the thrombocytopenia in the majority of cases.


Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Transfusão Feto-Materna/sangue , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I , Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune/sangue , Feminino , Transfusão Feto-Materna/complicações , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune/etiologia
6.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 60(1): 93-102, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26251260

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Currently 80% of donor lungs are not accepted for transplantation, often due to fluid overload. Our aim was to investigate if forced fluid infusion may be replaced by a new pharmacological therapy to stabilize circulation after brain death in an animal model, and to assess therapy effects on lung function and morphology trough blood gas parameters and state-of-the-art High-resolution CT (HRCT). METHODS: Brain death was caused by surgical decapitation. To maintain mean aortic pressure > 60 mmHg, pigs were treated with forced electrolyte solution infusion (GI; n = 6) or the pharmacological therapy (GII; n = 11). GIII (n = 11) were non-decapitated controls. Lung function was investigated with blood gases and lung morphology with HRCT. RESULTS: GI pigs became circulatory instable 4-6 h after brain death in spite of forced fluid infusion, five pigs showed moderate to severe pulmonary edema on HRCT and median final PaO2 /FiO2 was 29 kPa (Q1; Q3; range 26; 40; 17-76). GII and GIII were circulatory stable (mean aortic pressure > 80 mmHg) and median final PaO2 /FiO2 after 24 h was 72 kPa (Q1; Q3; range 64; 76; 53-91) (GII) and 66 kPa (55; 78; 43-90) (GIII). On HRCT, only two pigs in GII had mild pulmonary edema and none in GIII. More than 50% of HRCT exams revealed unexpected lung disease even in spite of PaO2 /FiO2 > 40 kPa. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological therapy but not forced fluid infusion prevented circulatory collapse and extensive HRCT verified pulmonary edema after acute brain death. HRCT was useful to evaluate lung morphology and revealed substantial occult parenchymal changes justifying efforts toward a more intense use of HRCT in the pre-transplant evaluation.


Assuntos
Circulação Sanguínea , Morte Encefálica/diagnóstico , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Gasometria , Decapitação , Eletrólitos/administração & dosagem , Eletrólitos/uso terapêutico , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Oxigênio/sangue , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Edema Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Respiração Artificial , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
7.
Clin Exp Rheumatol ; 33(2 Suppl 89): S-77-83, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26016754

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the differences between patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) entered into randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and those followed in large observational cohorts. METHODS: The main characteristics and outcomes of patients with generalised and/or severe GPA or MPA with a five-factor score ≥ 1 enrolled in the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) or the US-Canadian-based Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium cohorts were compared to those enrolled in one of 2 FVSG clinical RCTs (WEG91, WEGENT) or 3 European Vasculitis Society clinical trials (CYCLOPS, CYCAZAREM, IMPROVE). RESULTS: 657 patients (65.3% with GPA) in RCTs were compared to 437 in cohorts (90.6% with GPA). RCT patients were older at diagnosis than the cohort patients (56.6 ± 13.9 vs. 46.8 ± 17.3 years), had higher Birmingham vasculitis activity score (19.5 ± 9.1 vs. 16.9 ± 7.4), and more frequent kidney disease (84.0% vs. 54.9%) but fewer ear, nose, and throat symptoms (56.8% vs. 72.2%). At 56 months post-diagnosis, mortality and relapse rates, adjusted for age and renal function, were higher for patients with GPA in RCTs vs. cohorts (10.7% vs. 2.5% [p=0.001] and 22.5% vs. 15.6% [p=0.03], respectively) but similar for patients with MPA (6.2% vs. 6.6% [p=0.92] and 16.6% vs. 10.1% [p=0.39], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GPA or MPA in RCTs and those in observational cohorts show important differences that should be remembered when interpreting results based on these study populations.


Assuntos
Granulomatose com Poliangiite/epidemiologia , Poliangiite Microscópica/epidemiologia , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/imunologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/complicações , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/imunologia , Humanos , Nefropatias/etiologia , Masculino , Poliangiite Microscópica/complicações , Poliangiite Microscópica/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloblastina/imunologia , Otorrinolaringopatias/etiologia , Seleção de Pacientes , Peroxidase/imunologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
8.
Colorectal Dis ; 17(5): 390-6, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25510408

RESUMO

AIM: Longer survival in women than men after rectal cancer surgery has been reported. Our hypothesis was that after correction for their longer life expectancy a survival benefit for women would still remain. METHOD: We studied 2792 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer in the southern part of Sweden between 1996 and 2006. The following parameters were included in a prespecified multivariable Cox regression analysis: age at diagnosis, gender, preoperative radiotherapy, stage, year and type of surgery. In addition to overall survival, relative survival was calculated using the Hakulinen approach utilizing an age-, gender- and calendar year-matched Swedish control cohort. RESULTS: Female patients were significantly older, received neoadjuvant treatment less often and were more often operated on by local excision. Overall survival was significantly longer in women. In the multivariable analysis of relative survival, controlling for neoadjuvant treatment, Dukes stage and year and type of surgery, no significant effect of gender [hazard ratio (HR) 1.10 for men, P = 0.114] was found, whereas an improved relative survival with increased age (HR 0.96 per year, P < 0.001) was seen. In contrast, using the same multivariable model with no correction for underlying mortality in the population, male gender (HR 1.38, P < 0.001) and greater age (HR 1.05 per year, P < 0.001) increased the risk of death. CONCLUSION: The results show that after correction for the underlying longer survival in women and some known confounders, survival after surgical treatment for rectal cancer appears to be gender neutral.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Neoplasias Retais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Fatores Sexuais , Suécia , Adulto Jovem
9.
Eur J Neurol ; 20(9): 1284-91, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23631657

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Coronary Artery Disease Genome-Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis Study (CARDIoGRAM) reported 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 15 chromosomes to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Because common vascular risk factors are shared between CAD and ischaemic stroke (IS), these SNPs may also be related to IS overall or one or more of its pathogenetic subtypes. METHODS: We performed a candidate gene study comprising 3986 patients with IS and 2459 control subjects. The 25 CAD-associated SNPs reported by CARDIoGRAM were examined by allelic association analysis including logistic regression. Weighted and unweighted genetic risk scores (GRSs) were also compiled and likewise analysed against IS. We furthermore considered the IS main subtypes large-vessel disease (LVD), small-vessel disease and cardioembolic stroke [according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST)] separately. RESULTS: SNP rs4977574 on chromosome 9p21.3 was associated with overall IS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.20; P = 0.002] as well as LVD (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13-1.64; P = 0.001). No other SNP was significantly associated with IS or any of its main subtypes. Analogously, the GRSs did not show any noticeable effect. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the previously reported association with SNPs on chromosome 9p21, this study did not detect any significant association between IS and CAD-susceptible genetic variants. Also, GRSs compiled from these variants did not predict IS or any pathogenetic IS subtype, despite a total sample size of 6445 participants.


Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Adulto Jovem
10.
J Clin Pharm Ther ; 37(6): 686-92, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22924464

RESUMO

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Interventions involving medication reconciliation and review by clinical pharmacists can reduce drug-related problems and improve therapeutic outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of routine admission medication reconciliation and inpatient medication review on emergency department (ED) revisits after discharge. Secondary outcomes included the combined rate of post-discharge hospital revisits or death. METHODS: This prospective, controlled study included all patients hospitalized in three internal medicine wards in a university hospital, between 1 January 2006 and 31 May 2008. Medication reconciliation on admission and inpatient medication review, conducted by clinical pharmacists in a multiprofessional team, were implemented in these wards at different times during 2007 and 2008 (intervention periods). A discharge medication reconciliation was undertaken in all the study wards, during both control and intervention periods. Patients were included in the intervention group (n = 1216) if they attended a ward with medication reconciliation and review, whether they had received the intervention or not. Control patients (n = 2758) attended the wards before implementation of the intervention. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: No impact of medication reconciliation and reviews on ED revisits [hazard ratio (HR), 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86-1.04]or event-free survival (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88-1.04) was demonstrated. In the intervention group, 594 patients (48.8%) visited the ED, compared with 1416 (51.3%) control patients. In total, 716 intervention (58.9%) and 1688 (61.2%) control patients experienced any event (ED visit, hospitalization or death). Because the time to a subsequent ED visit was longer for the control as well as the intervention groups in 2007 than in 2006 (P < 0.05), we re-examined this cohort of patients; the proportion of patients revisiting the ED was similar in both groups in 2007 (P = 0.608). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Routine implementation of medication reconciliation and reviews on admission and during the hospital stay did not appear to have any impact on ED revisits, re-hospitalizations or mortality over 6-month follow-up.


Assuntos
Revisão de Uso de Medicamentos/métodos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Reconciliação de Medicamentos/métodos , Farmacêuticos/organização & administração , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso/organização & administração , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Admissão do Paciente , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Alta do Paciente , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/organização & administração , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
11.
Am J Transplant ; 11(11): 2472-82, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21883909

RESUMO

Organ transplantation increases risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but long-term risk and time trends have seldom been evaluated. Immunosuppressive drug load is an important risk determinant, but the details are unclear. We studied NHL risk in a nationwide Swedish cohort of 11 081 graft recipients transplanted 1970-2008. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated within the cohort and versus the general population by age, sex, follow-up time and calendar period. NHL risk was also assessed by cumulative and average doses of immunosuppressive treatments in a nested case-control design throughout 1997 using conditional logistic regression. We observed 153 NHL cases during 97 853 years of follow-up. Compared with the general population, NHL risk was eightfold increased (RR 7.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.6-9.4), and increased risks persisted after ≥15 years of follow-up among kidney (6.1; 95% CI 3.5-10) and nonkidney recipients (44; 14-103). Among nonkidney recipients, NHL risk was lower in the 2000s compared with the 1990s (0.5; 95% CI 0.3-1.0; p = 0.04). A high average dose of antithymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG) conferred an eightfold increased risk of NHL (OR 8.5; 95% CI 1.9-38). To conclude, posttransplant NHL risk decreased during the last decade among nonkidney recipients, possibly because of a more careful use of ATG, the introduction of new drugs, or both.


Assuntos
Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplantes/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Soro Antilinfocitário/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Suécia/epidemiologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia
12.
Ann Rheum Dis ; 70(8): 1415-21, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21616914

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Because standard immunosuppressive treatment for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) (granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)) has been associated with a significant risk of developing cancer, the cancer incidence of treated AAV patients was assessed. METHODS: This analysis concerned 535 patients with newly diagnosed AAV from 15 countries who had been enrolled between 1995 and 2002 in four European clinical trials. Over the period 2004-7, study participants' follow-up events were updated, including cancers diagnosed. Age, sex and area-standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and their 95% CI were calculated by linkage to five national cancer databases. RESULTS: During the 2650 person-years' observation period, 50 cancers were diagnosed in 46 patients. SIR (95% CI) were 1.58 (1.17 to 2.08) for cancers at all sites, 1.30 (0.90 to 1.80) for cancers at all sites excluding non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), 2.41 (0.66 to 6.17) for bladder cancer, 3.23 (0.39 to 11.65) for leukaemia, 1.11 (0.03 to 6.19) for lymphoma and 2.78 (1.56 to 4.59) for NMSC. Subgroup SIR for cancers at all sites were 1.92 (1.31 to 2.71) for GPA and 1.20 (0.71 to 1.89) for MPA. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer rates for AAV patients treated with conventional immunosuppressive therapy exceeded those expected for the general population. This cancer excess was largely driven by an increased incidence of NMSC. The smaller cancer risk magnitude in this cohort, compared with previous studies, might reflect less extensive use of cyclophosphamide in current treatment protocols. Longer follow-up data are warranted to appraise the risk of developing cancers later during the course of AAV.


Assuntos
Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/tratamento farmacológico , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/epidemiologia , Azatioprina/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia
13.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 32(6): 801-10, 2010 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20653635

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Use of drugs promoting peptic ulcer bleed has increased several folds. AIM: To make a time-trend analysis of peptic ulcer bleed patients and evaluate the impact of age, gender, comorbidity and use of drugs promoting peptic ulcer bleed on outcome. METHODS: Retrospective review of hospitalizations for peptic ulcer bleed at Lund University Hospital during 1984, 1994 and 2004. Univariate analyses between years and multivariable logistic regression for risk factors of fatal outcome. RESULTS: Incidence decreased from 62.0 to 32.1 per 100 000 inhabitants between 1984 and 2004. Mortality rates were stable. Median age (70­77 years; P = 0.001), number of comorbidities (mean +/- s.d.: 0.88 +/- 0.96 to 1.16 +/- 0.77; P = 0.021), use of aspirin (16­57%; P < 0.001) and warfarin (5­17%; P = 0.02) increased. Pharmacological and endoscopic therapy improved. Age above 65 years (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02­1.23) and number of comorbidities (OR: 6.00, 95% CI: 2.56­17.4) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Bleeding promoting drugs did not influence outcome negatively. Aspirin decreased the risk of fatal outcome (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.012­0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of peptic ulcer bleed decreased despite higher prescription rates of bleeding promoting drugs. The in-hospital mortality remained unchanged. The effect of improved therapy against peptic ulcer bleed is probably outweighed by older and more comorbid patients. The decreased risk of fatal outcome in aspirin users warrants further investigations.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/mortalidade , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Comorbidade , Hospitalização , Humanos , Incidência , Análise de Regressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Suécia
14.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 31(4): 477-85, 2010 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19912155

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Congenital chloride diarrhoea in a newborn is a medical emergency, requiring early diagnostics and treatment to prevent severe dehydration and infant mortality. While most of the 250 cases reported arise from Finland, Poland and Arab countries, single cases with this autosomal recessive disorder appear worldwide. Such congenital chloride diarrhoea rarity makes diagnosis difficult. Life-long salt substitution with NaCl and KCl stabilizes fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance diagnosis. When properly treated, the long-term outcome is favourable. AIM: To summarize data on congenital chloride diarrhoea diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment, and to provide guidelines for both acute and long-term management of congenital chloride diarrhoea. METHODS: Data are based on MEDLINE search for 'chloride diarrhoea', in addition to clinical experience in the treatment of the largest known series of patients. RESULTS: Treatment of congenital chloride diarrhoea involves (i) life-long salt substitution; (ii) management of acute dehydration and hypokalaemia during gastroenteritis or other infections; and (iii) recognition and treatment of other manifestations of the disease, such as intestinal inflammation, renal impairment and male subfertility. CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes data on congenital chloride diarrhoea and provides guidelines for treatment. After being a mostly paediatric problem, adult patients constitute a rare challenge for gastroenterologists worldwide.


Assuntos
Antiporters/genética , Cloretos/metabolismo , Colo/metabolismo , Diarreia/congênito , Diarreia/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcalose/etiologia , Antiporters/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Antiportadores de Cloreto-Bicarbonato , Cloretos/administração & dosagem , Colo/fisiopatologia , Desidratação/etiologia , Desidratação/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Diarreia/genética , Feminino , Hidratação/métodos , Humanos , Hipopotassemia/etiologia , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Mutação , Cooperação do Paciente , Fenótipo , Poli-Hidrâmnios/diagnóstico por imagem , Poli-Hidrâmnios/etiologia , Gravidez , Prognóstico , Transportadores de Sulfato , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia
15.
Acta Paediatr ; 98(1): 153-8, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18945279

RESUMO

AIM: To study self-esteem in clinical sample of obese children and adolescents. METHODS: Obese children and adolescents aged 8-19 years (n = 107, mean age 13.2 years, mean BMI 32.5 [range 22.3-50.6], mean BMI z-score 3.22 [range 2.19-4.79]; 50 boys and 57 girls) were referred for treatment of primary obesity. Self-esteem was measured with a validated psychological test with five subscales: physical characteristics, talents and skills, psychological well-being, relations with the family and relations with others. A linear mixed effect model used the factors gender and adolescence group, and the continuous covariates: BMI z-scores, and BMI for the parents as fixed effects and subjects as random effects. RESULTS: Age and gender, but neither the child's BMI z-score nor the BMI of the parents were significant covariates. Self-esteem decreased (p < 0.01) with age on the global scale as well as on the subscales, and was below the normal level in higher ages in both genders. Girls had significantly lower self-esteem on the global scale (p = 0.04) and on the two subscales physical characteristics (p < 0.01) and psychological well-being (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Self-esteem is lower in girls and decreases with age. In treatment settings special attention should be paid to adolescent girls.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Obesidade Mórbida/psicologia , Autoimagem , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Psicometria , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suécia/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
16.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol ; 62(10): 829-37, 2006 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16909274

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of different polymorphisms and haplotypes associated with individual variations in pharmacokinetics and drug toxicity in the uridine-diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 1A gene in a Swedish cohort (248 healthy volunteers) and in 14 different ethnic groups. We also estimated UGT1A genotype-dependent glucuronidation efficiency using the endogenous substrate bilirubin as an indicator. METHODS: Pyrosequencing-based genotyping assays were used to determine the different polymorphisms and haplotypes. RESULTS: Haplotype analysis of the UGT1A1 (*1*28), UGT1A6 (*1*2), and UGT1A7(*1*2*3*4) allelic variants showed that three major haplotypes constituted 84% of the allelic variants in the cohort. We identified 15 haplotypes altogether from all groups, including previously undescribed haplotypes. Testing for the association of genotype and total bilirubin levels (nonfasting) in plasma disclosed that homozygous carriers of the TA allele, irrespective of haplotype combinations, had increased levels of bilirubin compared with noncarriers, but a gender-associated difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In a Swedish cohort, several genetic variants in the UGT1A gene are common, but prevalence in a population may differ because of ethnicity. A phenotype based on bilirubin levels has limitations in serving as an indicator of pharmacogenetic differences in glucuronidation due to the influence of gender. Because of possible substrate overlap regarding different UGT1A isoforms, determination of haplotypes of potential cis-acting polymorphisms in the UGT1A gene should be considered in pharmacogenetic association studies regarding drugs that undergo glucuronidation.


Assuntos
Bilirrubina/sangue , Glucuronosiltransferase/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Sequência de Bases , População Negra/genética , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Glucuronídeos/metabolismo , Glucuronosiltransferase/metabolismo , Haplótipos , Humanos , Isoenzimas/genética , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Fatores Sexuais , Suécia , População Branca/genética
17.
Mol Hum Reprod ; 12(2): 107-11, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16421216

RESUMO

Congenital chloride diarrhoea (CLD) is a rare inherited disease caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) gene. Disruption of intestinal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange causes watery Cl(-) rich diarrhoea from birth, and recently male subfertility was observed as a novel manifestation. Expression of SLC26A3, together with interacting proteins cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3), was studied using immunohistochemistry in the testis (n = 2) and efferent ducts (ED) (n = 1) of patients with CLD (V317del genotype) and in the testis and epididymis (n = 11), seminal vesicle (n = 9) and prostate (n = 4) of the controls. SLC26A3 was immunolocalized in the head of the elongating spermatids (stages III-VI) and CFTR in the elongating spermatids (stages III and IV) and pachytene (stages III-V) and diplotene spermatocytes. In the non-ciliated cells of the ED, apical expression of all three proteins was observed, but only SLC26A3 and CFTR were detected on the luminal border of the apical mitochondria-rich cells (AMRC) of the ductus epididymis and in the epithelium of the seminal vesicle. Only CFTR was present in the epithelium of the prostatic duct. In the patient with CLD, the expression of both SLC26A3 and CFTR was absent in the ED, but testicular expression was identical to that of the controls. These results suggest a primary role for SLC26A3 in male reproduction. Tissue-specific co-expression with CFTR and NHE3 supports diverse functions of SLC26A3 and may have an impact on pathophysiology of male subfertility both in CLD and in cystic fibrosis (CF), as well as spermatoceles.


Assuntos
Antiporters/genética , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Diarreia/genética , Genitália Masculina/metabolismo , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Trocadores de Sódio-Hidrogênio/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Antiporters/biossíntese , Antiportadores de Cloreto-Bicarbonato , Cloretos/metabolismo , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/biossíntese , Diarreia/complicações , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/metabolismo , Infertilidade Masculina/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Trocador 3 de Sódio-Hidrogênio , Trocadores de Sódio-Hidrogênio/biossíntese , Espermatocele/metabolismo , Transportadores de Sulfato
18.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol ; 298: 259-77, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16323418

RESUMO

The role of NK cells in autoimmunity has not been extensively studied. Speaking for a disease-promoting role for NK cells in autoimmune diseases are recent results suggesting that IFN-gamma production by NK cells may help adaptive immune responses diverge in the direction of a Th1 response. NK cells may also be involved in direct killing of tissue cells, which could lead to acceleration of autoimmunity. However, NK cells have also been shown to protect from some autoimmune diseases. A possible reason for this discrepancy may lie in the capacity of NK cells also to produce Th2 cytokines, which could downregulate the Th1 responses that are common in autoimmune disorders. Thus there is at present no coherent view on the role of NK cells in autoimmunity, and more work is needed to clarify why NK cells in some cases aggravate disease and in some cases protect from disease.


Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/genética , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais/classificação , Ativação Linfocitária , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/classificação , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Modelos Imunológicos , Polimorfismo Genético , Ratos , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Receptores KIR
19.
Br J Surg ; 92(3): 326-33, 2005 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15672438

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery are often difficult to diagnose, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for these complications. METHOD: Between 1996 and 2001 data were collected prospectively from 6119 patients who underwent 6186 cardiac surgical procedures. Data from patients who experienced major gastrointestinal complications were analysed retrospectively by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Fifty major gastrointestinal complications were identified in 47 patients (incidence 0.8 per cent). Thirteen of these patients died within 30 days. The most common complication was upper gastrointestinal bleeding (16 patients). Intestinal ischaemia was the most lethal complication (eight of ten patients died). Abdominal surgical operations were performed in 12 patients. Multivariate analysis identified nine variables that independently predicted major gastrointestinal complications: age over 80 years, active smoker, need for preoperative inotropic support, New York Heart Association class III-IV, cardiopulmonary bypass time more than 150 min, postoperative atrial fibrillation, postoperative heart failure, reoperation for bleeding and postoperative vascular complications. CONCLUSION: Nine risk factors for the development of major gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery were identified. Gastrointestinal complications were often lethal but did not independently predict death within 30 days.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Laparotomia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
20.
Scand J Immunol ; 60(1-2): 134-42, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15238082

RESUMO

Inhibition of the 26S proteasome reduces the severity of several immune-mediated diseases. Here, we report that the proteasome also regulates transfer-induced diabetes in nonobese mice. Treatment of recipient mice with the proteasome inhibitor N(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-l-leucinal (MG132) resulted in a 76% reduction in transfer-induced diabetes. The closely related inhibitor carbobenzoxy-l-leucyl-l-leucinal that inhibits calpains but not the proteasome had no protective effect, suggesting that MG132 acted via inhibition of the proteasome. MG132 decreased proliferation of transferred T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes in vivo and prevented their expansion in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, consistent with a direct effect by MG132 on the T cells. MG132 did not prevent migration of transferred T cells into the islets but reduced the number of mice with severe infiltration. We suggest that MG132 prevents transfer-induced diabetes by directly targeting the autoreactive T cells and lowering their diabetogenic potential.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Complexos Multienzimáticos/antagonistas & inibidores , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Transferência Adotiva , Animais , Divisão Celular/imunologia , Cisteína Endopeptidases/imunologia , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/imunologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Citometria de Fluxo , Glicosúria , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/imunologia , Leupeptinas/farmacologia , Linfonodos/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos Transgênicos , Complexos Multienzimáticos/imunologia , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma , Linfócitos T/citologia
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