Inhibition of mouse macrophages interleukin-12 production: suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB binding activity by a specific factor isolated from Scapharca broughtonii.

Pharmacological inhibition of interleukin-12 (IL-12) production may allow a therapeutic strategy for preventing development and progression of disease in experimental models of autoimmunity. In this study we investigated the effects of an ethanol fraction of the Scapharca broughtonii, on the production of IL-12 by mouse macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The ethanol fraction (S3) prepared from Scapharca broughtonii potently inhibited LPS-induced IL-12 production in the RAW264.7 monocyte cell-line in a dose-dependent manner. The activation effect of the ethanol fraction (S3) on the IL-12 gene promoter was analyzed by transfecting RAW264.7 cells with IL-12 gene promoter/luciferase constructs. The repressive effect mapped to a region in the IL-12 gene promoter that contained a binding site for NF-kappaB. Furthermore, activation of macrophages by LPS resulted in markedly enhanced binding activity to the NF-kappaB site, which significantly decreased upon addition of the ethanol fraction, indicating that the ethanol fraction of the blood shell inhibited IL-12 production in LPS-activated macrophages via inhibition of NF-kappaB binding activity.

Production and biological activity of laidlomycin, anti-MRSA/VRE antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. CS684.

Culture broth of a streptomycete isolate, Streptomyces sp. CS684 showed antibacterial activity on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Among purified substances from the organism, CSU-1, which is active against MRSA and VRE, is a C37H62O12Na (M+, 721.3875), and identified as laidlomycin. The anti-MRSA and anti-VRE activity of CSU-1 was stronger than oxacillin and vancomycin. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CS684 is very similar to Streptomyces ardus NRRL 2817T, whereas the ability of Streptomyces sp. CS684 to produce laidlomycin was shown to be unique.