Factors associated with long-term depressive symptoms of sexual assault victims.

Of 63 sexual assault victims who were a mean 7.9 years postevent, almost two thirds (60%, n = 38) demonstrated some degree of depression. Over half (56%, n = 35) the sample also reported a history of childhood sexual abuse. Three factors had a significant positive association with higher levels of depression: nondisclosure of the assault to significant others due to concerns about stigma; the presence of children living with the victim; and a civil lawsuit pending. One factor, currently being sexually active, had a significant negative association with depression. Results are discussed from the perspective of depression, a common pathway by which unresolved sexual trauma is expressed.

Comparative effects of sexual assault on sexual functioning of child sexual abuse survivors and others.

This study quantitatively and qualitatively examined the effects of sexual assault on the sexual functioning of 37 sexually active women an average of 8.21 years postevent (Mdn = 4.08 years). More than 80% of the sample reported some sexual dysfunction with a partner as a result of the assault. Greatest impairment was reported by subjects who either had a history of child sexual abuse or had no prior sexual victimization before the current assault as compared with subjects who had prior sexual assaults. When data were examined by type of perpetrator, adverse effects were greatest for subjects assaulted by a health care professional. Qualitative analysis revealed that, for the total sample, greatest effects were in the area of adverse feeling states (part of desire dysfunction) as early response inhibitors, with subjects who had a history of child sexual abuse being the only group to report orgasmic dysfunction and guilt. There was no statistically significant difference in sexual dysfunction between subjects who filed civil suits and those who did not. Implications for treatment are discussed.