Recombinant envelope protein (rgp90) ELISA for equine infectious anemia virus provides comparable results to the agar gel immunodiffusion.

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is an important viral infection affecting horses worldwide. The course of infection is accompanied generally by three characteristic stages: acute, chronic and inapparent. There is no effective EIA vaccine or treatment, and the control of the disease is based currently on identification of EIAV inapparent carriers by laboratory tests. Recombinant envelope protein (rgp90) was expressed in Escherichia coli and evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was an excellent agreement (95.42%) between the ELISA results using rgp90 and agar gel immunodiffusion test results. AGID is considered the "gold-standard" serologic test for equine infectious anemia (EIA). After 1160 serum samples were tested, the relative sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 96.1% and 96.4%, respectively. Moreover, analysis diagnostic accuracy of the ELISA was performed. The ELISA proved robust. Furthermore, good reproducibility was observed for the negative controls and, positive controls for all plates tested.

Factorial analysis of the Multidimensional Health Locus of control scale: form C for elderly / Análise fatorial da Escala Multidimensional de Locus de controle da saúde: forma C para idosos

BACKGROUND: Pain is a multidimensional experience. Locus of control is an important factor related to chronic pain experience and treatment. There is a gap in the literature when discussing issues related to pain evaluation in elderly. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the factorial structure, intra and inter-rater reliability of the Brazilian version of the Pain Locus of Control Scale - Form C for elderly with chronic pain living in the community. METHODS: One hundred and eighty one elderly individuals (71.5±6.8 years of age) answered a clinic and social-demographic questionnaire and the PLOC-C scale. A factorial analysis with varimax rotation of the PLOC-C scale was performed. The scalewas applied twice by two observers to evaluate the intra and inter-rater reliability analyzed using Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. RESULTS: The factorial analysis of the 18 item PLOC-C scale revealed six factors. Four items (1 and 6 from the chance locus of control subscale; 2 and 4 from the internal locus of control subscale) migrated toward unpredictable factors in the original factorial structure. Analysis with the removal of the four items demonstrated a better factorial structure and higher levels of internal consistency (α=0.836 and 0.669) and reliability (intra-examiner: r=0.65 and 0.93; inter-examiner: r=0.82 and 0.92) when compared to the complete subscales. The variance explained was of 48.7 percent for the 18 items and 62.4 percent for the 14 items scale. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a better applicability of the reduced scale on the sample. The reduced version may contribute to greater knowledge and consequently better chronic pain management in the elderly.

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Dor é uma experiência multidimensional. A percepção de locus de controle é um fator importante relacionado à experimentação e ao tratamento da dor crônica. Existe uma lacuna na literatura referente à abordagem de aspectos relacionados à avaliação da dor no idoso. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a estrutura fatorial e a confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores da versão brasileira do instrumento Pain Locus of Control - Forma C (PLOC-C) em idosos comunitários com dor crônica. MÉTODOS: Cento e oitenta e um idosos (71,5±6,8 anos) responderam ao questionário clínico e sociodemográfico e à escala PLOC-C. Realizou-se análise fatorial com rotação varimax da escala, que foi aplicada duas vezes por dois examinadores para a observação, por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson da confiabilidade inter e intraexaminadores. RESULTADOS: A análise fatorial da PLOC-C, composta por 18 itens, mostrou a expressão de seis fatores. Quatro itens (1 e 6 da subescala de locus de controle ao acaso; 2 e 4 da subescala de locus de controle interno) migraram para fatores imprevisíveis na estrutura fatorial original. Nova análise fatorial, com a retirada dos quatro itens, mostrou melhor estrutura. A variância explicada passou de 48,69 por cento (18 itens) para 62,38 por cento (14 itens). A escala reduzida mostrou níveis maiores de consistência interna (α=0,836 e 0,669) e confiabilidade (intraexaminadores: r=0,65 e 0,93; interexaminadores: r=0,82 e 0,92). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se uma melhor aplicabilidade da versão da escala reduzida na amostra pesquisada. A versão reduzida poderá contribuir para um maior conhecimento e melhor abordagem da dor crônica em idosos.

Factorial analysis of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale--Form C for elderly.

BACKGROUND: Pain is a multidimensional experience. Locus of control is an important factor related to chronic pain experience and treatment. There is a gap in the literature when discussing issues related to pain evaluation in elderly. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the factorial structure, intra and inter-rater reliability of the Brazilian version of the Pain Locus of Control Scale - Form C for elderly with chronic pain living in the community. METHODS: One hundred and eighty one elderly individuals (71.5±6.8 years of age) answered a clinic and social-demographic questionnaire and the PLOC-C scale. A factorial analysis with varimax rotation of the PLOC-C scale was performed. The scalewas applied twice by two observers to evaluate the intra and inter-rater reliability analyzed using Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. RESULTS: The factorial analysis of the 18 item PLOC-C scale revealed six factors. Four items (1 and 6 from the chance locus of control subscale; 2 and 4 from the internal locus of control subscale) migrated toward unpredictable factors in the original factorial structure. Analysis with the removal of the four items demonstrated a better factorial structure and higher levels of internal consistency (α=0.836 and 0.669) and reliability (intra-examiner: r=0.65 and 0.93; inter-examiner: r=0.82 and 0.92) when compared to the complete subscales. The variance explained was of 48.7% for the 18 items and 62.4% for the 14 items scale. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a better applicability of the reduced scale on the sample. The reduced version may contribute to greater knowledge and consequently better chronic pain management in the elderly.

Epidemiological aspects of canine babesiosis in the semiarid area of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Epidemiological aspects of Babesia vogeli infection were studied in the canine population of a rural town located in the Brazilian "Drought Polygon" of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The survey was carried out in March 2003, when 505 dogs were identified and their characteristics registered on appropriate forms. Blood samples were collected at this time and again in June, September and December 2003. Serum samples were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect antibodies against B. vogeli. The prevalence of anti-B. vogeli antibodies was 18.8%; however, no correlations were found between prevalence of infection and the age or gender of the animals. Cross-bred dogs presented a higher chance of acquiring infection in comparison to pure-bred dogs. Significant differences concerning the incidence of the disease were found during the period April-June in comparison to other months, demonstrating that transmission of B. vogeli is related to seasonal variations of tick infestations. The results indicate that climatic factors within the semiarid area interfere directly in the epidemiology of canine babesiosis.