CNS Lesions in Tuberculous Meningitis

No abstract available.

Foreign Body in the Airway: A review of 71 patients

Seventy one children aged 3 months and 8 months with a foreign body in the airway were analysed. Most of the patients were less than 3 years of age, and male to female ratio 2.6:1. Most foreign bodies were food materials (58.2%), metallic bodies (20.9%) and plastic materials(13.4%). Of all the foreign bodies, 61 cases were lodged in the main bronchi and 3 cases were lodged in the larynx or trachea. Common symptoms and signs were cough, dyspnea, mild pyrexia, recurrent respiratory tract infection, decreased air entry, cyanosis and rales. The most common roentgenographic finding was obstructive emphysema (61.2%). A positive history of foreign body aspiration was obtained in 77.5% of the patients and it was found that carelessness of some sort is responsible in almost all the cases. Of the foreign bodies removed, 84.6% were done bronchoscopy. Direct laryngoscopy was performed in 4.6% of patients. Complications were involved in 19.7% of the cases with bronchoscopy. Three patients died of septic shock, asphyxia and hypoxic brain damage respectively.

Foreign Body in the Airway: A review of 71 patients

Seventy one children aged 3 months and 8 months with a foreign body in the airway were analysed. Most of the patients were less than 3 years of age, and male to female ratio 2.6:1. Most foreign bodies were food materials (58.2%), metallic bodies (20.9%) and plastic materials(13.4%). Of all the foreign bodies, 61 cases were lodged in the main bronchi and 3 cases were lodged in the larynx or trachea. Common symptoms and signs were cough, dyspnea, mild pyrexia, recurrent respiratory tract infection, decreased air entry, cyanosis and rales. The most common roentgenographic finding was obstructive emphysema (61.2%). A positive history of foreign body aspiration was obtained in 77.5% of the patients and it was found that carelessness of some sort is responsible in almost all the cases. Of the foreign bodies removed, 84.6% were done bronchoscopy. Direct laryngoscopy was performed in 4.6% of patients. Complications were involved in 19.7% of the cases with bronchoscopy. Three patients died of septic shock, asphyxia and hypoxic brain damage respectively.

Tubercul in Skin Test of Preschool Aged Children

The tuberculin skin test is an important aid in the detection of tuberculosis especially in child-centered approach to tuberculosis control. The Monotest and the Mantoux test were performed and B.C.G. vaccination coverage rate was assessed. A total of 139 kindergarten children in Seoul and 89 public nursery children in rural area were subjected to the tests. Each child was incoculated simultaneously to one side arm with purified protein derivative(PPD, 5u) and to another aide arm with monovacc(Institut Merieus). Results from each test were read separately and independently 72 hours after administration. At the same time B.C.G vaccination scar size was measured. B.C.G. vaccination coverage rate was 20.9% in urban area, and 15.7% in rural area. When induration of 2mm or greater was considered a positive Monotest reaction and compared to a positive Mantoux reaction of 10mm or greater, the sensitivity of Monotest to Mantoux test was 100% and the specificity was 89.29%. When induration of 5mm or greater was considered a positive Monotest reaction and compared to a positive Mantoux reaction of 10mm or greater, the sensitivity of Monotest to Mantoux test was 81.25% and the specificity was 98.9%. From these results I would assume that the Monotest can be substituted for Mantoux test as screening test, especially in preschool aged children who are apt to be fearful of needles used in the Mantoux test, and rather impatient. As screening test, 2mm or greater induration of Monotest is considered to be preferable to 5mm or greater as a positive result. All children with doubtful or positive reactions to a Monotest should be retested using the Nantoux technique because of relative highfalse positive rate.

Monotest Compared to Standard PPD, 5TU, Mantoux Test

The Monotest was compared with the Mantoux test. A total of 404 primary school children were subjected to test. Each child was innoculated simultaneously to one side arm with purified protein derivative (PPD, 5TU) and to the another side arm with Monovacc(Institut Merieux). Results from each test were read seperately 72 hours after administration. When induration of 2mm or greater was considered a positive Monotest reaction and compared to a positive Mantoux reaction of 10mm or greater, the sensitivity of Monotest to Mantoux test was 91.56% and the specificity was 71.85%. When induration of 5mm or greater was considered a positive Monotest reaction and compared to a positive Mantoux reaction of 10mm or greater, the sensitivity of Monotest to Mantoux test was 42.77% and the specificity was 94.53%. From these results I would assume that the Monotest can be substituted for Mantoux test (PPD, 5TU) as screening test, preferably 2mm or greater induration of Monotest is considered as a positive result. All children with doubtful or positive reactions to a Monotest should be retested using the Mantoux technique because of relative high false positive rate.

Ketogenic Diet Trial for The Treatment of Minor Motor Seizures

A 3-years-old girl, diagnosed as infantile spasm and 5-years-old boy, diagnosed as akinetic seizure were subjected to ketogenic diet trial because of their poor responses anticonyulsant treatment After adding ketogenic diet trial, in the former infantile spasm case, her seizures were controlled satisfactorily and in the latter akinetic seizure case, the frequency of seizures decreasd fairly. It seemed to be beneficial to add kotogenic diet the anticonvulsant therapy for the treatment of minor motor seizure children. We report these results with some discussion and a brief review of related literature