Biphasic Kinetics of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in Response to Military Field Training in Brazilian Air Force Recruits.

INTRODUCTION: Insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) has gained considerable notoriety in military training, primarily because it is responsible for energy deficits and sensitive to an inadequate protein intake, which are situations that are commonly experienced in specific military operations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the kinetics of IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein type 3 (IGFBP-3) in a 4-day military field training exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 12 male soldiers (21.71 ± 1.64 years). Changes were assessed at 3 times: time 1-basal (control week); time 2-after specific military field training; and time 3-1 week after the specific training (control week). Changes in body composition and serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were observed. RESULTS: The main finding of this study was it verified the biphasic kinetics of both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 at the 3 times observed, that is, a significant drop from time 1 (basal-IGF-I: 189 ng/mL and IGFBP-3: 4.71 mg/L) to time 2 (immediately after military training-IGF-I: 162 ng/mL and IGFBP-3: 4.08 mg/L) and a subsequent recovery of these markers, with a significant increase from time 2 (immediately after military training) to time 3 (a week after military training-IGF-I: 199 ng/mL and IGFBP-3: 4.96 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels respond quickly to the stimuli caused by military training, especially after specific field training. However, the same markers quickly return to their basal values after this type of training finishes, simply by following the daily routine of the battalion in the control weeks, with no specific intervention being necessary.

Alteração do estado emocional de professores da educação básica brasileira / Change in the emotional state of teachers in the Brazilian basic education

O presente estudo avaliou a associação da saúde mental com fatores do ambiente de trabalho de professores brasileiros. Para tanto, foram aplicados um questionário semiestruturado com questões socioeconômicas e o Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale para 499 professores, recrutados por meio do Facebook e Instagram. Desses, 391 eram do gênero feminino e 108 do masculino. Verificou-se que 32,7% apresentaram escore indicativo de improvável quadro de ansiedade; 26,8% possível e 40,5% provável. Por outro lado, 45,1% exibiram escore de improvável depressão; 31,5% possível e 23,4% provável. Foi identificado que ser do gênero feminino interferiu negativamente nos escores de ansiedade e depressão (p<0,001); assim como a inadequação e insatisfação com a renda (p<0,001); a classificação como péssimo ou regular ambiente de trabalho (p<0,001); o espaço físico inadequado (p<0,001); ter sofrido violência provocada pelos estudantes ou seus respectivos pais (p<0,001). Além disso, trabalhar por um tempo ≥40 horas (p=0,030) foi indicativo de maior ansiedade. Muitos professores brasileiros sofrem com quadros de ansiedade e depressão e fatores controláveis interferem diretamente. Sugere-se que o poder público e os proprietários de escolas privadas intervenham nesses contextos para evitar o colapso da saúde desses profissionais.

The present study evaluated the association between mental health and work environment factors among Brazilian teachers. In order to achieve that, a semi-structured questionnaire with socioeconomic questions and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were applied to 499 teachers, recruited through Facebook and Instagram. Among these, 391 were female and 108 were male. It was found that 32.7% had an improbable anxiety score; 26.8% possible and 40.5% probable. On the other hand, 45.1% had an improbable depression score; 31.5% possible and 23.4% probable. It was identified that being female had a negative effect on anxiety and depression scores (p<0.001); as well as inadequacy and dissatisfaction with income (p<0.001); work environment classified as poor or regular (p<0.001); inadequate physical space (p<0.001); having suffered violence caused by students or their respective parents (p<0.001). Furthermore, working for 40 hours or else (p=0.030) was indicative of greater anxiety. Many Brazilian teachers suffer from anxiety and depression and controllable factors interfere directly. It is suggested that public authorities and private school owners intervene in these contexts to prevent the health of these professionals from collapsing.

Serum Hormone Concentrations and Body Composition in Brazilian Air Force Cadets During Rainforest Survival Training.

BACKGROUND: Physiological adaptations in military jungle survival training have not yet been studied. Knowledge about the relationship between the insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I)/insulin-like growth factor binding protein type 3 (IGFBP-3) system and survival activities in a jungle environment can improve readiness and prepare Brazilian Air Force cadets for this kind of battlefield. Our goal was to assess changes in body composition and serum concentrations of the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 system in Brazilian Air Force cadets during five-day Amazon rainforest survival training and whether differences in sex influence these variations. METHODS: In the five-day survival training, variations in body composition and serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were observed. The sample consisted of 14 male cadets (21.71 ± 1.64 years) and 6 female cadets (22.00 ± 1.41 years). Changes were assessed before and immediately after the survival training. RESULTS: The male cadets' body mass (pre: 73.89 ± 8.79 kg; post: 69.57 ± 8.44 kg), body fat (pre: 11.43 ± 4.15%; post: 10.16 ± 4.19%), IGF-I serum concentrations (pre: 252 ± 72 ng/mL; post: 140 ± 42 ng/mL), and IGFBP-3 serum concentrations (pre: 4.90 ± 0.67 ng/mL; post: 4.22 ± 0.73 ng/mL) were significantly reduced (P < .01). In the female cadets, the mean body mass values (pre: 60.98 ± 8.82 kg; post: 57.91 ± 9.01 kg), body fat (pre: 19.20 ± 5.03%; post: 17.19 ± 4.77%), and IGF-I serum concentrations (pre: 202 ± 50 ng/mL; post: 108 ± 29 ng/mL) also decreased significantly (P < .01) after survival training. Finally, the cadet's sex does not affect the variations of IGF-I (P = .46) and IGFBP-3 (P = .205) serum concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings all suggest that changes in body mass and body fat, as well as variations in the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 system, corroborate the need for military readiness preparation. Equivalent changes in both sexes indicate probable equal recovery intervals after survival training.