Psychosocial Development in Saudi Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Descriptive Comparative Study.

Background Diabetes mellitus imposes a significant psychological and social burden on the affected individuals. The impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on psychosocial development has not been well investigated in the literature. We aim to fill the aforementioned gap by conducting a comparative study to accurately assess the impact of this chronic disease on psychosocial development among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This structured, phone-based, comparative, and cross-sectional study targets adolescents with T1DM and those without diabetes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Our study utilized a validated instrument psychosocial inventory of ego strengths (PIES), to assess the psychosocial development among the participants. An IRB approval has been granted for this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The data collection spanned the duration from November 1, 2020, until June 8, 2021. Results A total of 310 individuals were included in the study, 90 of whom were adolescents living with diabetes, and 220 were adolescents not living with diabetes. This study indicates that the individuals with diabetes showed significantly lower development in the Hope and Care subscales compared to the control group. We found no significant correlation between HbA1C levels and scores on the psychosocial development subscales. With regards to comorbidities, adolescents living with T1DM had significantly higher rates than the control group, with asthma being the most frequently reported comorbidity. Conclusion This study in Saudi Arabia found that adolescents living with diabetes demonstrated lower scores in Hope and Care subscales compared to adolescents not living with diabetes. It highlights the importance of healthcare professionals monitoring and addressing the psychosocial needs of T1DM patients through a multidisciplinary approach and referral to specialized support services when necessary. Further research and interventions are needed to promote the psychosocial well-being of individuals with T1DM.

Integration of Population Health, Social Determinants, and Social Justice in Transcultural Nursing and Culturally Competent Care: White Paper by the Scholars Education Interest Group.

INTRODUCTION: As part of its mission to advance Transcultural Nursing worldwide, the Transcultural Nursing Society Scholars upholds the central role of the discipline and cultural competence in advocacy, empowerment, and transformation of the life conditions of disadvantaged populations. This White Paper affirms the Scholars' core belief in the value of Transcultural Nursing and culturally competent care in addressing social determinants to promote health equity. METHODS: The Scholars Education Interest Group proposes recommendations for changes in education, practice, and research undergirding the discipline and expand cultural competence to directly address social structural and historical forces that perpetuate health vulnerability in diverse populations. RESULTS: Collaborative leadership between the TCNS Scholars, Board of Trustess and members should develop initiatives to foster implementation of the recommendations and promote global dissemination of exemplars in education, research and practice. DISCUSSION: Collaborative implementation of recommendations will generate evidence of health equity outcomes through TCN and culturally competent care.

Professional Competence Among Registered Nurses Working in Hospitals in Saudi Arabia and Their Experiences of Quality of Nursing Care and Patient Safety.

INTRODUCTION: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) plans to become self-sufficient, generating a national nursing workforce. The study's purpose was to assess nurses' self-reported professional competence and illuminate experiences of the quality of nursing care and patient safety. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional design with 469 nurses working in different units from two public hospitals and Regions of the KSA participated. The Nurse Professional Competence Scale short version including six professional areas of nursing care was used. RESULTS: There are significant relationships between self-reported professional competence and the quality of nursing care, patient safety, nurse's characteristics, and workplace. DISCUSSION: Registered nurses' professional competence is related to the clinical areas in which they work and the nature of their involvement in patient care. The Nurse Professional Competence Scale can identify professional competence areas for further development, which is important for culturally congruent health care in KSA for their transformation process.

Assessing Self-Reported Competence Among Registered Nurses Working as a Culturally Diverse Work Force in Public Hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) represent a multicultural workforce who are educated in different countries from around the world. The purpose was to assess professional competence among a multicultural workforce of registered nurses in KSA in relation to individual and work-related factors. Method: The Nurse Professional Competence Scale was used in a cross-sectional design. Results: Registered nurses (N = 541) reported highest scores for "nursing care," and "value-based nursing care," and lowest scores for "care pedagogics," and "development, leadership, and organization of nursing care." All CAs achieved 0.80 or more Cronbach's alpha. Known-group validity was verified by comparing nurse managers and staff nurses competence in organization, administration, and leadership of nursing care (p = .000). Discussion: There is room for competence development in care pedagogics, and development, leadership, and organization of nursing care. Assessing registered nurses competence is of importance for planning and implementing cultural congruent nursing care.

Psychosocial wellbeing of infertile couples in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: The psychological and social impact of infertility on married couples alerted researchers in developing countries to consequences of infertility and the need to not underestimate the problem. AIM: To examine the psychosocial wellbeing of infertile couples in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study design was used to collect data regarding depression, psychological distress, life satisfaction, coping, optimism and perceived social support from 248 infertile couples using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected from May to August 2016. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four (66%) of the infertile couples had moderate to severe depression. Infertile couples had a high level of psychological distress, low level of life satisfaction, and yet a high level of optimism that the infertility is temporary. Participants had moderate ability to cope, moderate to high level of perception of social support from family and others, and low from friends. There were significant differences in depression and optimism between men and women (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Jordanian infertile couples face several psychosocial problems that need psychological counselling.

Psychosocial wellbeing of infertile couples in Jordan

Background: The psychological and social impact of infertility on married couples alerted researchers in developing countries to consequences of infertility and the need to not underestimate the problem. Aim: To examine the psychosocial wellbeing of infertile couples in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study design was used to collect data regarding depression, psychological distress, life satisfaction, coping, optimism and perceived social support from 248 infertile couples using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected from May to August 2016. Results: One hundred and sixty-four [66%] of the infertile couples had moderate to severe depression. Infertile couples had a high level of psychological distress, low level of life satisfaction, and yet a high level of optimism that the infertility is temporary. Participants had moderate ability to cope, moderate to high level of perception of social support from family and others, and low from friends. There were significant differences in depression and optimism between men and women [P < 0.05]. Conclusion: Jordanian infertile couples face several psychosocial problems that need psychological counselling

Contexte : La dimension psychologique et sociale de la stérilité pour les couples mariés a attiré l'attention des chercheurs dans les pays en développement sur les conséquences de ce problème ainsi que sur la nécessité de ne pas le sous-estimer. Objectif : Examiner le bien-être psychologique des couples stériles en Jordanie Méthodes : Une étude suivant un plan corrélationnel, descriptif et transversal a été menée afin de recueillir des données liées à la dépression, au désespoir psychologique, à la satisfaction dans la vie, à l'aptitude à faire face aux problèmes, à l'optimisme et à la sensation de bénéficier d'un soutien social. POur ce faire, un questionnaire auto-administré a été rempli par 248 couples stériles. Les données ont été recueillies entre mai et août 2016. Résultats : Cent soixante-quatre couples stériles [soit 66 %] souffraient de dépression allant d'un stade modéré à sévère. Les couples stériles affichaient un degré élevé de désespoir psychologique, un faible degré de satisfaction dans la vie, et pourtant un niveau élevé d'optimisme quant au caractère temporaire de cette stérilité. Les participants montraient une aptitude modérée à faire face aux problèmes, une perception du soutien social venant de la famille et autres proches allant de modérée à élevée, et faible venant de la part des amis. Des différences significatives entre les hommes et les femmes ont été observées pour ce qui concerne la dépression et l'optimisme [p < 0,05]. Conclusion : Les couples stériles jordaniens sont confrontés à différents problèmes de nature psychosociale et requièrent de fait une aide psychologique

الخلفية: لقد نبّه الأثر النفسي والاجتماعي للعقم على الأزواج، الباحثين في البلدان النامية، إلى آثار العقم وضرورة عدم الاستخفاف بالمشكلة.الهدف: دراسة السلامة النفسية للأزواج العُقماء في الأردن.طرق البحث: صمُمت دراسة مقطعية وصفية ارتباطية لجمع بيانات عن الاكتئاب والضيق النفسي والرضا عن الحياة والتكيُّف والتفاؤل والدعم. الاجتماعي المتصور من 248 زوجاً عقيماً باستخدام استبيان مدار ذاتياً. وجمعت البيانات في الفترة من مايو/أيار حتى أغسطس/آب 201666 % من الأزواج العقماء باكتئاب متوسط إلى حاد. فتبيّ أن الأزواج العقماء يعانون من مستوى مرتفع من النتائج: أظهرت النتائج إصابة 164الضيق النفسي وانخفاض مستوى الرضا عن الحياة وارتفاع مستوى التفاؤل. وأظهر المشاركون مستوى متوسطاً من القدرة على التكيُّف، ومستوىمتوسطاً إلى منخفضاً من تصور الدعم الاجتماعي من الأسرة والآخرين، ومستوى منخفضاً من تصور دعم الأصدقاء. وتبيّ وجود اختلافات كبيرة.)P< في مستوى الاكتئاب والتفاؤل بين الرجال والنساء ) 0.05الاستنتاج: يعاني الأزواج العُقماء في الأردن من عدة مشكلات نفسية تستلزم المشورة النفسية

Exploring the cultural competence of undergraduate nursing students in Saudi Arabia.

PURPOSE: To explore the cultural competence of undergraduate nursing students at a college of nursing, Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: A descriptive exploratory design was used to explore the Saudi undergraduate nursing students' level of cultural competency. METHOD: The convenience sample included 205 nursing students affiliated with a college of nursing at a health science university in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence-Revised (IAPCC-R) consisting of 25 items. The tool reported acceptable reliability of Cronbach alpha 0.89. RESULTS: The majority of students were culturally aware and dealt with people from different cultures. One-third preferred to have training on culture over a period of time. Half the students preferred studying a special course related to working with people from different cultures. Cultural desire reported the highest mean while cultural knowledge scored the lowest among the cultural competence subscales despite students being exposed to some cultural knowledge content in their training. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing the guidelines for culturally competent care assure covering all aspects of care with consideration of cultural heritage as a main concept. Comparative study of nurses' and students' perception is further recommended.

Quality of life, depression, adherence to treatment and illness perception of patients on haemodialysis.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between quality of life, depression, perception of seriousness of illness and adherence to treatment among Jordanian patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance haemodialysis. The study was carried out using a descriptive, correlation design. A convenience sample of 244 participants was recruited from four major dialysis units in Amman. A self-report questionnaire included demographic data, adherence to treatment and perception of seriousness of illness. Quality of Life Index and Beck Depression Inventory were used for data collection. There was a negative correlation between quality of life and depression (r = -0.05, P = 0.000). Depression was higher among women than men, whereas both gender had low quality of life scores. Higher quality of life has been associated with perceived seriousness of illness and more adherence to treatment regimen. This study provides preliminary evidence to develop culturally sensitive nursing strategies to asses and manage depression, enhance quality of life and adherence to treatment of patients on haemodialysis.

Prevalence and risk factors for incontinence among Emirati women with diabetes.

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence among a sample of Emirati women with diabetes. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey design using probability sampling was employed to evaluate incontinence among 350 Emirati diabetic women. Age, body mass index, history of urinary tract infections, parity, diabetes duration, and type of diabetes management were evaluated as potential risk factors for incontinence. To assess type and frequency of incontinence, items from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-Kidney Condition-Urology were used. FINDINGS: A total of 225 (64.3%) participants reported incontinence, with 110 (31.4%) expressed having an episode once a week or more. Both stress (n = 197, 56.3%) and urge incontinence (n = 208, 59.4%) were seen; 96 (48.7%) reported at least weekly stress incontinence episodes, and 109 (52.4%) reported weekly or more urge episodes. Results of logistic regression indicated that diabetes duration was the most significant risk factor for incontinence. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of incontinence in Emirati women was higher than that reported by diabetic women in other cultures. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians working with Emirati diabetic women should endeavor to enhance screening for incontinence and design culturally appropriate strategies for teaching and treating this complication of diabetes.

The development of a preceptor training program on clinical nursing education in Jordan in collaboration with Sweden.

BACKGROUND: As part of the Swedish-Jordanian International Collaboration Project, this study developed, implemented, and evaluated a preceptor training program to enhance pedagogical strategies for integration of theory and practice in nursing education in Jordan. METHODS: A three-phase program was developed and implemented (2006 to 2007) focusing on experiential learning using drama, case-method, and photolanguage methods. Data were collected from 12 preceptors in Jordan using questionnaires and interviews. RESULTS: Four themes reflected experiences gained from participating in the program, including bridging the gap between theory and practice, enhancing students' imminent potential, promoting the role of preceptor, and facing challenges in applying pedagogical strategies. Participants noted a positive effect on their personal and professional growth as a preceptor, students' learning process, and the quality of health care. CONCLUSION: Preceptors perceived that the model program helped to bridge the gap between theory and practice, improved communication and networking, and improved the quality of health care in Jordan.

A model for international nursing collaboration.

This article describes arguments for the development of a model for exchange of experiences among nurses, nurse managers, and nurse educators from two countries based on theories of reflection and practice and Freire's theory of dialogical action and its characteristics. The collaboration focused on exchange of experiences within nursing practice, leadership and management, and nursing education. The model consists of several activities: careful selection of participants in the exchange program; participants' observations and studies of caring in nursing practice in the other culture; keeping a diary about one's own reflections, thoughts, and questions; and participation in reflective dialogue and meetings with colleagues. The model included selection and implementation of a subject and written assignments for planned change in nursing practice within participants' own clinical nursing setting. After an implementation period of 6 months to 1 year, the outcome of the implemented change was reported in seminars and workshops.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) perceptions and dietary iron intake among young women and pregnant women in Jordan.

To determine Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) perceptions and iron dietary practices of Jordanian female students and pregnant women, a descriptive quantitative questionnaire was administered to 271 participants: 206 female students and 65 pregnant women. This pilot study found that most participants can identify foods containing iron, but lack appropriate iron intake, because of eating habits and finances; more than 50% report daily symptoms of IDA, including dizziness, fatigue, depression, headaches, and loss of concentration and memory. There are no statistically significant differences in IDA perceptions and iron-related dietary practices based on education, and relatively few based on where participants live, their available financial resources, or their position (pregnant women or young women). Culturally sensitive intervention research, which addresses application of IDA education principles, temporary supplementation, and adequate income for dietary modification and long-term iron supplementation to prevent IDA is warranted.

Critical thinking, self-esteem, and state anxiety of nursing students.

This study aimed at exploring the existing predominant critical thinking disposition(s) of baccalaureate nursing students and the relationship among their critical thinking (CT), self-esteem (SE), and state anxiety (SA). Cross-sectional correlational design was utilized to achieve the said aim. A voluntary convenient sample consisted of first year (n=105) and fourth year (n=60) nursing students. The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory were used for data collection after their translation to Arabic language and test for validity and reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Results showed that both groups overall CT was marginal indicating no serious deficiency, their SE was average, and their SA was relatively high; they reported analyticity, open-mindedness, systematicity, inquisitiveness, and truth seeking as predominant critical thinking dispositions with no significant difference between them. However, the two groups were weak with significant difference on CT self-confidence (t=-2.053, df=136.904, p=.042) with beginning students reporting poorer level of CT self-confidence. Significant correlation results showed that critical thinking is positively correlated with SE, negatively correlated with SA, and SE is negatively correlated with SA; however, all correlations were actually quite low.

Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of Quality of Life Index.

AIM: This paper reports a study to translate the English language version of the Quality of Life Index into Arabic and estimate its reliability and content validity. BACKGROUND: Quality of life has become an important concern in health care and social policy. It is a difficult construct to define and measure, as it is determined by cultural, ethical, personal and religious values. The generic Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index was developed to measure quality of life of healthy individuals. Specific versions of the index were developed for particular diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and end-stage kidney disease. The instruments were initially developed for English-speaking clients and were later translated into several languages and used within a variety of cultures. However, there were no Arabic versions of the tool available to measure the quality of life of general populations or of people with particular diseases. METHOD: The Quality of Life Index was translated into Arabic using two of the techniques suggested in the literature for translation - back translation and bilingual technique. The same process was followed in the translation of the original scale and various disease-specific versions of the instrument. The work took place between 1995 and 2004. FINDINGS: The translated Arabic Quality of Life Index demonstrated a high degree of accuracy of translation and estimates of content validity. Subsequent to the translation of the original scale into Arabic, 13 disease-related versions of the instrument were translated and are ready for use with clients who speak Arabic. Four of the versions have been used to collect data from clients. The results revealed high estimates of reliability for the generic, diabetes, cancer and dialysis versions. CONCLUSION: The Arabic version of the Quality of Life Index is highly reliable and has sufficient content validity for measuring quality of life of Arabic-speaking clients.

Work related post-traumatic stress as described by Jordanian emergency nurses.

BACKGROUND: Although there is a growing interest in the consequences of work-related stress among healthcare professionals, most of the research has concentrated on western countries. Empirical studies of work related stress among health care workers from the Middle East have rarely been performed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to identify causes of post-traumatic stress symptoms and their relationship with daily work stress exposure. This qualitative study was undertaken using hermeneutic phenomenology and involved a representative group of 25 nurses from Jordan. RESULTS: Work related stress symptoms were associated with poor social support. The findings stress the necessity for staff to support each other, for supervisors to support and counsel their staff and also for the management to promote and encourage support. Jordanian nurses are seriously at risk from high levels of stress symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will enable nurses to better identify and handle stressful situations in the early stages and in a timely fashion. It will help administrators, teachers and researchers to plan strategies (interventions) in the hospitals, curriculum and in knowledge needed to promote the quality of life for nurses.