An evaluation of activity tolerance, patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction with the effectiveness of pulmonary daoyin on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary Daoyin (PD) (evolved from ancient Chinese daoyin skills), is a rehabilitation technology that combines specially designed movements of the arms and body and controlled breathing exercises, to improve the physiological and psychological status of patients with chronic respiratory disease. Pulmonary rehabilitation is effective for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the efficacy of PD is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a PD program in enhancing activity tolerance, patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction with the effectiveness on patients with COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The multi-center, randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2011 to June 2012 in local communities in cities of the 11 research centers in China. It included COPD patients (moderate to very severe) who were recruited from an outpatient clinic. A randomized controlled study included 464 COPD patients who were randomly allocated either to the PD group, participating in a 3-month, ten times-weekly supervised PD-based pulmonary rehabilitation program, or to a control group continuing with regular medical treatment alone. Data were gathered using the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) test, COPD patient-reported outcomes (COPD-PRO) and Effectiveness Satisfaction Questionnaire for COPD (ESQ-COPD), which was filled out at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. SAS 9.2 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 464 patients in the study, 461 were included in the full analysis set (FAS); 429 were in the per-protocol analysis set (PPS). After 3-month intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in 6MWD (FAS; P=0.049; PPS; P=0.041), total score and all domains of COPD-PRO (FAS; P=0.014; PPS; P=0.003) and ESQ-COPD (FAS; P=0.038; PPS; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The PD program was able to improve the activity tolerance level and satisfaction of COPD patients because of its effectiveness.

Process of gallnut suppository preparation / 中国中药杂志

The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. The prepared suppository was brown, conical and smooth. The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide were 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 respectively in each suppository. The results also showed that the continuous administration had no irritation to rectal mucosa. It can be concluded that the suppository was an acceptable administrate form, whose preparation process was easily controlled, and with no irritation to rectum mucosa.

Expression of airway mucus-associated proteins in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a cold-dryness symptom pattern.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effects on expression of airway mucus-associated proteins in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a cold-dryness symptom pattern induced by elastase and smoking. METHODS: The COPD model was established with an elastase dose into the trachea combined with exposure to smoking; the COPD model cold-dryness symptom pattern was further developed by exposure to a cold, dry environment. After 90 days, pathologic lung sections, inflammatory cytokine levels (measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), mRNA and protein expression of mucus-associated proteins and aquaporins (measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots) were examined. RESULTS: Cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the COPD and the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD groups were all significantly higher than in controls (each P < 0.01). IL-6 and IL-8 levels were higher in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group than in the COPD group (each P < 0.05). The AQP5 mRNA expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD and COPD groups was lower than in the control group (P < 0.01), and that in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was lower than the COPD group (P < 0.05). The expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNAs in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group and COPD group was higher than in the control group (each P < 0.01), and that in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was higher than the COPD group (P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively). The ratio of MUC5AC mRNA/MUC5B mRNA was COPD group < the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group < the control group. AQP4 and AQP5 protein expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was lower than that in the COPD group which was lower again than in the control group. MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was higher than in the COPD group and higher again than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Cold-dryness affects the expression of mucus-associated protein mRNA and its corresponding proteins, reducing the secretion of aquaporins and increasing the secretion of mucins. Imbalance in aquaporins and mucins can affect the function of mucus, increasing airway obstruction.

Clinical characteristics of abnormal savda syndrome type in human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients: A cross-sectional investigation in Xinjiang, China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of abnormal hilit syndromes in traditional Uighur medicine (TUM) among human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients, and to find out the clinical characteristics of abnormal savda syndrome type HIV/AIDS patients. METHODS: Between June and July in 2012, 307 eligible HIV/AIDS patients from in-patient department and out-patient clinics of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region the Sixth People's Hospital in Urumqi were investigated. TUM syndrome differentiation was performed by a senior TUM physician. Each participant completed a Sign and Symptom Check-List for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (SSC-HIV) questionnaire. Depression was evaluated by using Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Questionnaire. Blood specimen was collected from each participant to test the levels of blood chemicals. RESULTS: Of 307 HIV/AIDS patients, 189 (61.6%) were abnormal savda syndrome type, 118 (38.4%) were non-abnormal-savda syndrome type. Mean CD4 counts of abnormal savda syndrome type patients was (227.61±192.93) cells/µL, and the prevalence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated cystatin C were 49.7%, 28.6%, and 44.7%, which were significantly higher than those in the non-abnormal-savda syndrome type patients (26.3%, 16.0% and 25.0%,P<0.05). In addition, depression (79.9%) and HIV/AIDS-related symptoms such as fatigue (42.3%), back aches (40.7%), lack of appetite (33.9%), night sweats (31.7%) were more common among abnormal savda syndrome patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Abnormal savda syndrome is the dominant syndrome among HIV/AIDS patients, and they present a more sever clinical manifestation.

Establishment of Uyghur Medicine Abnormal Savda Carrier MIRI Animal Model and its Cardiac Ultrastructural Changes / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To innovatively establish a new platform of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) animal model by observing abnormal savda carrier MIRI indicators, and to observe changes of myocardial ultrastructure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to Uyghur medical theories, an abnormal savda carrier animal model was established and confirmed using multifactor, and then MIRI models set up. Totally 36 male white SD rats were randomly divided into the normal sham-operation group, the normal operation group, the model sham-operation group, and the model operation group, 9 in each group. ECG changes, myocardial enzymes (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin (cTnT), and ultramicrostructures were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal sham-operation group, some damage of ultramicrostructures occurred in heart muscles of rats in the normal operation group and the model operation group, such as lowered myoplasm density, loosely arranged myofilament, dilated myofibris, reduced mitochondria number, vacuole and swelling mitochondrion. Ultramicrostructural damage of cardiac muscle cells was more severe in rats of the model operation group. Compared with the normal sham-operation group, CK-MB and cTnT increased in the normal operation group with statistical difference (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal sham-operation group, there was no statistical difference in CK-MB or cTnT in the model sham-operation group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model operation group, CK-MB and cTnT obviously decreased in the model sham-operation group and the normal operation group with statistical difference (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abnormal savda carrier MIRI model established in this experiment could provide favorable conditions for further MIRI intervention treatment.</p>

Plasma amino acid profiling of "same symptom for different disease" in Uyghur medicine based on high-performance liquid chromatography / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the plasma amino acid metabolism of "same symptom for different diseases" in different cancer patients in Uyghur medicine.@*METHODS@#Plasma amino acid concentration was tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in cancer patients with different symptom, and the spectral profiles were subjected to a t-test for statistical significance.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the healthy group, lung cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer patients with abnormal Savda had lower concentration of plasma amino acids except some amino acids. Lung cancer patients with abnormal Savda had higher concentration of plasma phenylalanine, serine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and aspartic acid than Unsavda patients (P<0.05). Cervical cancer patients with abnormal Savda had low concentration of plasma arginine, but higher concentration of plasma cystine than Unsavda patients (P<0.05). Breast cancer patients with abnormal Savda had higher concentration of plasma leucine, serine, taurine, cystine, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine and asparagine than Unsavda patients (P<0.05). Gastric cancer patients with abnormal Savda had high concentration of plasma cystine but lower concentration of plasma phenylalanine, threonine and arginine than Unsavda patients (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Different tumor patients with abnormal Savda have common characteristics and significant differences.

Metabolic changes in abnormal savda patients with different types of tumor: a clinical observation / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore in vivo metabolic changes in abnormal savda patients with different types of tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 142 abnormal savda patients with common cancer types were enrolled in this study, and 50 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. For each sample, the H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based metabonomic analysis was performed. The free attenuation signal was computed subsection integral. Data obtained were analyzed by the Orthogonal Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, alanine, creatine, lactic acid, inositol, alpha-and beta-glucose, unsaturated lipids, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) significantly decreased (P <0.05), while glycoprotein and carnitine significantly increased (P <0. 05) in the abnormal Savda group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abnormal savda patients with different types of tumor had similar metabonomics changes.</p>

Effect of Modified Zhisou Powder on the lung function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model rats of northwest China cold dryness syndrome / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe Modified Zhisou Powder (MZP) on the lung function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model rats of northwest China cold dryness syndrome (NCCDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 90 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., the normal control group (n =20), the COPD model group (n =35), and the COPD of NCCDS group (n =35). The COPD model was established by tracheal dripping porcine pancreatic elastase (PEE) in combination with fumigation for 90 days. The COPD of NCCDS model was set up by tracheal dripping PEE +fumigation + cold and dry environmental stress for 90 days. Then rats in the COPD of NCCDS were randomly divided into the MZP intervention group (n =11 )and the normal saline intervention group (n =10).All intervention lasted for 15 successive days. The lung function was detected using Small Animal Lung Function Device at day 90 and day 105. And the lung pathology was also observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Little amount of sputum sound could be heard in the airway of the COPD model group and the COPD of NCCDS group. Pathological section showed alveolar ectasia, narrowed and broken alveolar septa, forming larger capsular space with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Rats in the COPD of NCCDS group showed chills, increased amount of drinking water, and loose stool. MZP could improve their symptoms. As for lung function test, compared with the normal control group, Te increased in the COPD model group (P <0.01), and EF50 decreased (P<0.05). PEF and EF50 decreased (P <0.01), Ti and Te increased (P <0.01, P <0.05) in the COPD of NCCDS group. Compared with the normal saline intervention group, PEF and EF50 increased (P < 0.01), Ti and Te decreased (P <0.01) in the MZP intervention group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MZP could improve the symptoms of COPD rats of NCCDS, and delay the velocity of decreased lung function.</p>

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Germline Mutations in Breast Cancer Women of Multiple Ethnic Region in Northwest China / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to further understand the status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation among Chinese high-risk breast cancer patients in multiple-ethnic regions of China. METHODS: A total of 79 blood samples of high-risk breast cancer patients from Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region were analyzed by PCR-DHPLC sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Analysis with full length of the two genes identified a total of 6 deleterious mutations (2073delA, 2394C-T [Q759X] and IVS16+1G>A in BRCA1; 1627A-T [K467X], 6873delCTCC and 9481delA in BRCA2) in this cohort. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 germline mutation was about 7.6% (6/79) in the Xinjiang multiple ethnic region of China. Among them, 3 novel deleterious mutations, 2073delA in BRCA1 (Han ethnic Chinese) and BRCA2 variants 6873delCTCC and 9481delA (both are Kazakh ethnic Chinese), were identified and they had never been reported in breast cancer information core (BIC) database before. 2394C-T (Q759X) and IVS16+1G>A, in BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants 1627A-T were previously reported in other populations but not Chinese. Among 6 of the BRCA-related tumors, three BRCA1- and one BRCA2-associated tumors were in triple negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 negative expressed) status and exhibited a high tumor grade. So far none of these 6 deleterious mutations were reported in ethnic Han Chinese. CONCLUSION: BRCA germline mutation in Chinese multiple ethnicity region may exhibit different genotypes compared to ethnic Han Chinese in other regions. These differences may arise from interaction of genetic background and environmental factors.

Study of osteoporosis treatment principles used historically by ancient physicians in Chinese Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the herbal drugs most often used throughout history for the treatment of osteoporosis; to study their property, flavor and meridian attribution; and to explore their compatibility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The "Chinese Medical Classics" (upgrade) CD-ROM was used to retrieve historical prescriptions for the treatment of osteoporosis, and these were collected and sorted. Property, flavor and meridian attribution were determined, and the rules of herbal administration were determined by cluster analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 389 prescriptions were found, involving 238 herbal drugs, with a total frequency of appearance of 4,236. Commonly used medications were Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix Rehmanniae praeparata, Cortex Cinnamomi, Cortex Eucommiae, Poria, Herba Cistanches, Radix Aconiti lateralis and Radix Angelicae sinensis. The herbs used included five kinds of properties, appearing a total of 2,499 times; the two most common ones were warm and plain. There were seven different drug flavors, occurring 4,151 times; sweet and bitter were the two most common ones. Eight meridian attributions were identified, appearing a total of 6,374 times; Kidney (Shen)-meridian and Liver (Gan)-meridian were the two most common ones. The most common functional categories were yang-tonifying medicinal and blood-tonifying medicinal, and together these accounted for 37.8% of the total. The twenty-eight most commonly used herbal drugs formed 3 prescription clusters: C1: Cortex Eucommiae, Poria, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae; C2: Cortex Eucommiae, Poria, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Cortex Cinnamomi, Radix Rehmanniae praeparata, Herba Cistanches, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Aconiti lateralis, Semen Cuscutae; C3: Os Tigris, Rhizoma Atractylodes Alba, Radix Moromdae Officinalis, Radix Angelicae pubescentis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Herba Dendrobii, Rhizoma Alismatis, Fructus Corni, Radix Saposhnikoviae.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Deficiency is the primary pathogenetic factor in osteoporosis, along with "stagnation" and lack of flow of water or blood. Clinical treatment of osteoporosis should be based on Kidney, Liver and Spleen (Pi) supplementation, and complemented by diuresis and dissolution of stasis, while paying attention to adjustment of the spirit.</p>

Abnormal Savda syndrome: long-term consequences of emotional and physical stress on endocrine and immune activities in an animal model / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between emotional status, cold-dry environment and long-term immune responses to the stressors, and the potential pathological mechanisms between causative factors of abnormal Savda syndrome (ASS) and the susceptibility to disease; thus to clarify the ASS, and secondly to identify the optimal ASS animal model for further studies on traditional Uighur therapeutical formulations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: control and 3 stress groups. The cold-dry environment was applied by keeping the mice in a climatic chamber. The emotional stress was induced by the application of the repeated electric foot-shocks in the electric foot-shock apparatus. The mice of the combined stress group underwent the repeated electric foot-shock treatment before being housed in the climatic chamber. The experimental routine was repeated for 21 days. In order to look into endocrine and immune stress responses, ELISA was used to determine the serum levels of the hormones corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Beta-endorphin (β-END) and corticosterone (CORT), of the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and of the immunoglobulins immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in duplicate in order to determine differences in the T cell ratio.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the cold-dry environment group, the serum levels of CRH, ACTH and CORT were significantly higher than those of the control group, whereas serum β-END was not found significantly different. In both the repeated electric foot-shock group as well as in the combined stress group the serum levels of CRH, ACTH, β-END and CORT were significantly higher. Compared to the control animals, the serum concentration of INF-γ was significantly lower in all three different stress groups. The serum level of IL-2 was decreased in the combined stress group whereas the serum TNF-α level was significantly higher. The serum IgG level was significantly higher in all three stress groups, whereas the IgA level was lower in both chronic electric foot-shock group and combined stress group. The IgM level was found significantly higher in the combined stress group only. The percentage of CD4(+) cells in peripheral blood was dramatically decreased in mice exposed to colddry environment, chronic electric foot-shock and combined stress, whereas the percentage of the CD8(+) subset was not significantly different. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratios were markedly lower in both cold-dry environment group and combined stress group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combined stress can cause hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 cell subset may contribute to illustrate the partial pathological mechanisms of ASS. This study identified this animal model of a combination of physical and emotional stress as an optimal model for further studies on ASS and relative therapies.</p>

The relationship between asthma patients with abnormal Savda in Uyghur medicine and the gene polymorphism of IL-4 / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the asthmatic Uyghur patients with abnormal Savda in Xinjiang and the gene polymorphism of interleukin-4 (IL-4).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 76 asthmatic patients were syndrome typed according to the body fluid theory of Uyghur medicine. Among them, there were 30 asthmatic patients with abnormal Savda and 46 asthmatic patients without abnormal Savda. A comparison study was performed in 89 healthy individuals (as the healthy control group). The gene polymorphism of IL-4 promoter area-589 (C/T) site were detected by using PCR-RFLP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distribution rate of genotype CT in asthmatic patients with abnormal Savda was significantly higher than that of the asthmatic patients with non-abnormal Savda and the healthy control group (P < 0.01). The distribution rate of genotype CT in asthmatic patients with non-abnormal Savda group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the distribution frequency of genotype CC or TT, or in the distribution frequency of allele C and T among the three groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Asthma in Uyghur patients with abnormal Savda in Xinjiang might be correlated to the gene polymorphism of IL-4 promoter area-589 (C/T).</p>

Inflammatory responses of the rat lungs in cold-dryness syndrome in the northwest of China.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in body weight and the lung inflammation factors interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a rat model of cold-dryness syndrome in Northwest (Xinjiang) China to provide a reference for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with local peculiarities. METHODS: The rat COPD model was established by intratracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) in combination with cigarette smoking (CS). The rat model of cold-dryness syndrome of COPD in the northwest of China was set up by intratracheal instillation of PPE in combination with CS and environmental cold-dryness stress. The level of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed using the software SPSS 11.5. RESULTS: (1) Body weight was less in the two model groups than that of control group (P < 0.01), PPE plus CS cold-dryness group was less than that of PPE plus CS group (P < 0.01). (2) IL-1beta in BALF significantly increased in PPE plus CS and cold-dryness group than that of control group (P < 0.01). (3) IL-8 and TNF-alpha in BALF significantly increased in PPE plus CS and cold-dryness group and PPE plus CS group than that of control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Body weight in COPD model rats was reduced compared with controls. Cold-dryness may aggravate such a condition lung inflammation in the model was mainly manifested by an increase in IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels, with no change in IL-10 levels. Cold-dryness may aggravate lung inflammation of COPD.

Correlative analysis of neoplasm patients with phlegm-stasis or abnormal Savda syndrome, based on metabonomics.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate plasma samples from neoplasm patients with phlegm-stasis or abnormal Savda syndrome, with NMR spectroscopy, and to analyze their metabolic varieties, characteristics and reciprocity. METHODS: 1H-NMR spectra were analyzed using the orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminative analysis (OPLS-DA) method with unit variance scaling. The discriminative significance of metabolites was determined by the Pearson's product - moment correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, neoplasm patients with phlegm - stasis or abnormal Savda syndrome had low concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, tyrosine, histidine, citrulline, glycoprotein, glutamine, myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, creatine, alpha-glucose, alpha-glucose and lactate (P < 0.05), and high concentrations of very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, unsaturated lipid, formate, acetone, acetate, acetoacetate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, carnitine and malonic acid (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between the phlegm - stasis and abnormal Savda syndrome patients. CONCLUSIONS: Neoplasm patients with different syndromes have very similar metabolic changes. A series of abnormalities such as immune dysfunction and oxidative - antioxidative imbalance, occur in neoplasm patients with abnormal Savda or phlegm - stasis syndrome.

Association of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein genetic polymorphisms levels with venous thromboembolism / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported in patients with venous thromboembolisms (VTE). However, prospective studies did not confirm an association between IL-6, CRP and their polymorphism with the risk of VTE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty patients (including 66 males and 74 females, mean age (55.55 ± 17.11) years) and one hundred and sixty controls (including 74 males and 86 females, mean age (56.58 ± 12.24) years) were involved. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for detecting the serum levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and CRP in both groups. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for analyzing the distribution of polymorphisms at the -572C/G and -597G/A sites of the promoter of the IL-6 gene and at 1059G/C of the CRP gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum levels of IL-6 and CRP were significantly higher in the VTE group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of -572C/G promoter polymorphisms CC, CG, and GG in the IL-6 gene were found to be 34%, 48%, and 18%, respectively, and the derived allele frequencies for the C and G alleles were 58% and 42%. There was a significant difference in the -572C/G promoter polymorphisms between the VTE group and control group (P < 0.05). For the -597G/A polymorphism, individuals all carried the GG and GA type; AA genotypes were not detected. The frequency of the GG, GC, and CC genotypes at the CRP1059G/C promoter was 87.57%, 7.86% and 3.57% in VTE group, while 86.25%, 10%, and 3.75% in control group, respectively. The frequency of G and C alleles at CRP 1059G/C was 91.43% and 8.57% in VTE group and 91.56% and 8.44% in the control group. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference of 1059G/C genotype and mutation frequency of the allele between the VTE group and control group (P > 0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed CC homozygotes of the IL-6 -572G/C, body mass index (BMI), and CRP, IL-6, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were independent risk factors for VTE (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We found that VTE was associated with IL-6 and CRP levels, and there was an association of IL-6 and its promoter polymorphism at -572G/C with the risk of VTE. Thus far, a causal relationship between inflammation and VTE remains to be clarified and more prospective data are required.</p>

[The effect of Uygur medicine Hyssopus officinalis L on expression of T-bet, GATA-3 and STAT-3 mRNA in lung tissue of asthma rats].

AIM: To study the Uygur medicine Hyssopus officinalis L on T-bet, GATA-3, STAT-3 mRNA levels of asthma rats in order to explore the mechanism of its treatment of asthma. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into normal control group, asthma model group and dexamethasone group and water extract of Hyssopus officinalis L high and low dose group. The rats were sensitized with OVA, Al(OH)(3); and DPT vaccine and then challenged with inhalation of aerosolized OVA solution for Preparation of asthma model and the level of T-bet, GATA-3, STAT-3 mRNA were detected with RT-PCR. RESULTS: The normal control group and model group, model group and treatment group, the expression of T-bet, GATA-3 and STAT-3 mRNA in the lung tissue was statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Compared with model group, after treatment of Hyssopus officinalis L the expression of GATA-3 and STAT-3 mRNA of asthma rats significantly reduced (P<0.05), but the expression of T-bet mRNA was significantly higher (P<0.05).The expression of GATA-3 and STAT-3 mRNA of Hyssopus officinalis L high-dose treatment group was lower than the low-dose treatment group (P<0.05), but T-bet mRNA that was higher(P<0.05). The expression of T-bet mRNA has negative correlation with GATA-3 mRNA (r=-0.696), the expression of STAT-3 mRNA has correlation with T-bet mRNA and GATA-3 mRNA(r=-0.767, 0.772), P<0.05. CONCLUSION: Hyssopus officinalis L probably regulates the differentiation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 on transcription level to play the role of anti-inflammatory.

Plasma metabonomic analysis with ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance revealing the relationship of different tumors and the disease homology theory of traditional Uyghur medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the plasma samples obtained from tumor patients using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and find the biochemical foundation of abnormal Savda described in traditional Uyghur medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 170 tumor patients with abnormal Savda syndrome who were confirmed clinically were enrolled in this study, and 50 healthy volunteers were set up as controls. The plasma (1)H NMR spectra were analyzed using the orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method with unit variance scaling. The discriminative significance of the metabolites was determined using the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy controls, the tumor patients with abnormal Savda syndrome had uniformly correlative low levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, tyrosine, alanine, glutamine, creatine, inositol, α-glucose, and β-glucose (P<0.05), but had significantly high levels of formate, malonic acid, acetone, acetate, acetoacetate, pyruvate, β-hydroxy butyrate, carnitine and lipidtemns such as very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and unsaturated lipids (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tumor patients with abnormal Savda syndrome had similar metabolic changes and characteristics, which indicated a similar pathogenetic process and provides some biochemical basis for traditional Uyghur medicine theory.</p>

Plasma metabonomics analysis of tumor patients of phlegm-stasis syndrome / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study metabonomic changes in plasma of tumor patients of phlegm-stasis syndrome by Chinese medicine and their in vivo metabolic mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabonomic analysis was performed on plasma samples from 356 tumor patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome and 104 tumor patients of the non-phlegm-stasis syndrome, and 50 healthy subjects. The spectrogram integral results were analyzed by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with healthy subjects, various amino acids including leucine, alanine, citrulline, tyrosine, histidine, arginine, methionine, isoleucine, valine, acetylcysteine, etc. in the plasma of patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome were significantly lowered (P <0.05). Glucose, glycoprotein, glutamine, myo-inositol, lactic acid, choline, creatine also significantly decreased (P<0.05). But the plasma formic acid, acetone, acetic acid, acetoacetate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxy butyrate, carnitine, malonic acid, and unsaturated fatty acid, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in tumor patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome. Compared with tumor patients of non-phlegm-stasis syndrome, patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome had obvious lower plasma contents of leucine, alanine, citrulline, tyrosine, histidine, soleucine, valine, glutamine, myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, lactic acid, creatine (P <0. 05), higher plasma contents of acetone, acetoacetate, unsaturated fatty acid, VLDL-C, alpha-glucose, beta-glucose, glycoprotein, and so on (P <0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tumor patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome had strengthened in vivo fat metabolism and lowered various amino acids. The decreased antioxidation capacities resulted in aggravated cell membrane injuries. The in vivo metabolic disorder was more severe in tumor patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome than in tumor patients of the non-phlegm-stasis syndrome.</p>

Maltose, a promising osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis solution.

Peritoneal dialysis has undergone considerable development from a technological point of view, and osmotic agent has played the essential role in peritoneal dialysis fluid. Because the most commonly used osmotic agent is glucose and icodextrin, there are some disadvantages related to the use of glucose-based solutions and icodextrin. So it is urgent to develop a new peritoneal dialysis osmotic agent. According to these characteristics of glucose and icodextrin, it is promising to explore a better osmotic agent of peritoneal dialysis solution which is able to allow maintenance of the maximum ultrafiltration gradient, and prevent toxicity or accumulation of unwanted substances in the blood, being non-toxic or less-toxic, furthermore the metabolite should not cause significant metabolic disturbance. Maltose may be one of promising osmotic agent and may put an important influence on development of peritoneal dialysis.