RESUMO
The parental attribution measure (PAM) is an instrument that assesses the attributions made by parents regarding their children's behavior, for both clinical and community samples. This research has aimed at evaluating the psychometric properties of the PAM in a community sample in Spain. Data were analyzed from several samples of fathers and mothers (N1 = 253; N2 = 458, N3 = 711) who reported on their attributions and level of parental stress on the one hand and on their children's emotional insensitivity traits and behavioral problems on the other. The results did not support the original structure proposed but a unidimensional structure consisting of nine items with good psychometric properties and factorial invariance. The 9-item PAM exhibited a positive relationship with callous unemotional traits and behavioral problems in children and with parental stress. This study provides important new insights into the psychometric properties of the PAM in a Spanish sample. It represents a significant advance, since so far there have been no other instruments to use in assessing parental attributions about their children's behavioral problems in Spanish. In short, this research is intended to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PAM in a sample of a community in Spain. The results supported a unidimensional structure composed of a 9-item instrument with good psychometric properties and factorial invariance.
RESUMO
La herramienta online iENCUIST fue diseñada para reducir el impacto psicológico, tanto en la población confinada como en los profesionales que estaban a la vanguardia de la lucha contra la pandemia por Covid-19. En el primer estudio (N= 2.362) se muestran los resultados del test breve para realizar perfiles de personalidad, compuesto por 34 ítems que presentan buenas propiedades psicométricas. En el segundo estudio se presentan los perfiles psicológicos de los confinados y los profesionales que habían solicitado ayuda psicológica (N= 815). Los resultados indican que las mujeres confinadas presentan puntuaciones más altas en las variables de ansiedad, enfado o disgusto, colocando a este grupo en mayor riesgo de presentar problemas psicológicos. En cuanto a los profesionales, aquellos con más años de experiencia o que enfrentaron crisis pasadas tienen mayor estabilidad emocional, siendo un factor clave en la gestión de crisis. A las 6 semanas se evaluó la utilidad de la ayuda ofrecida por iENCUIST y casi el 80% de los usuarios indicó que aplicaron las recomendaciones que ofrece la herramienta y que les ayudaron a superar la crisis.
The iENCUIST online tool was designed to reduce the psychological impact on both the confined population and on professionals who were at the forefront of the fight against the pandemic. In the first study (N= 2,362), the results are shown of the short test to perform personality profiles, made up of 34 items that show good psychometric properties. In the second study, the psychological profiles of confined individuals and professionals who had requested psychological help are presented (N= 815). The results indicate that confined women present higher scores in the variables of anxiety, anger, or disgust, placing this group at a greater risk for presenting psychological problems. As for professionals, those with more years of experience or who faced past crises have greater emotional stability, being a key factor in crisis management. After 6 weeks, the usefulness of the help offered by iENCUIST was evaluated and almost 80% of users indicated that they applied the recommendations offered by the tool, and that they helped them overcome the crisis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Coronavirus , Estresse Psicológico , Espanha , Sistemas de Apoio Psicossocial , Inquéritos e Questionários , População , Pessoal de Saúde , Tecnologia da InformaçãoRESUMO
On March 14, 2020 one of the strictest confinements in Europe was imposed on the citizens of Spain. The online tool for parents, iCygnus, was designed to reduce the psychological impact generated by the pandemic on the child population (2-12 years of age) through automatic recommendations to parents based on individual responses about their parenting styles and their child's characteristics. The profiles of the 710 families indicate a higher prevalence of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children, as well as a relationship between punitive parenting in families where the parents lost their jobs due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The usefulness of the help offered by iCygnus was evaluated after 6 weeks, and almost 80% of the families indicated that they used the recommendations and that they helped them in their relationship with their children.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Comportamento Infantil , Criança , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Humanos , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Este estudio pretende identificar y analizar los instrumentos observacionales para evaluar el constructo de responsividad parental, con especial atención a los componentes que se evalúan, las características de aplicación y los criterios de uso. Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de los instrumentos publicados a través de las bases de datos de PsychINFO y Google Scholar. Dos investigadoras independientes evaluaron la elegibilidad de los instrumentos, extrajeron los datos y evaluaron sus características. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 33 instrumentos. Los componentes evaluados son diversos y más del 50% evalúan también otros constructos. El 45% son de foco medio y la mayoría tienen un enfoque positivo. Más de la mitad se codifican a través de vídeo, algo menos de la mitad solicita realizar tareas concretas, el tiempo destinado a la evaluación es muy variable y todos ellos requieren formación específica para su uso. Discusión: Existe una gran oferta de instrumentos para evaluar la responsividad parental. Esta revisión ofrece claves que facilitan la elección del instrumento más adecuado a cada necesidad profesional o de investigación.(AU)
Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the observational instruments used to evaluate the parental responsiveness construct, with special attention to the components that are evaluated, the application characteristics, and the criteria for use. Method: A systematic review of the instruments published through the PsychINFO and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Two independent researchers assessed the eligibility of the instruments, extracted the data, and assessed their characteristics. Results: A total of 33 instruments were selected. The components evaluated are diverse and more than 50% also evaluate other constructs. Of these, 45% are medium focus and most have a positive focus. More than half are encoded through video, slightly less than half request to perform specific tasks, the time allocated to evaluation is highly variable, and all of them require specific training for their use. Discussion: There is a wide range of instruments to assess parental responsiveness. This review offers clues that facilitate the choice of the most appropriate instrument for each professional or research need.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Poder Familiar , Comportamento Materno , Educação Infantil , Mães , Pai , Relações Pai-Filho , Relações Mãe-FilhoRESUMO
This pilot study presents preliminary data on the efficacy of Strong Bonds, Strong Pikin (SBSP), a brief intervention program that aims to enhance sensitivity among mothers who care for their preschool children in a slum settlement in Freetown (Sierra Leone). SBSP adapts principles of attachment theory to intervention within a non-Western cultural setting, where families suffer from extreme poverty. A combination of psychoeducation, group work, video-feedback, and storytelling defines the methodology of the program. Maternal sensitivity, parenting stress, and the use of violent discipline practices were measured before (pretest) and after the intervention (posttest) in a sample of 43 mothers who participated in the program. Analyses showed a significant increase in observed maternal sensitivity, as well as a decrease in mother-reported parenting stress, child problems, and use of violent discipline practices from pretest to posttest. These results are discussed in terms of the potential value of culturally sensitive, attachment-centered interventions with caregivers who raise their children in non-Western settings affected by economic vulnerability.
Este estudio experimental presenta información preliminar acerca de la efectividad de "Fuertes Lazos, Fuertes Niños" (Strong Bonds, Strong Pikin - SBSP) un programa de intervención breve para mejorar la sensibilidad entre madres que cuidad a sus niños de edad prescolar en un asentamiento de barrios bajos en Freetown (Sierra Leona). El programa SBSP adapta principios de la teoría de la afectividad para la intervención dentro de un escenario cultural no occidental, donde las familias sufren extrema pobreza. Una combinación de educación sicológica, trabajo de grupo, información acerca de videos, así como el recuento de historias definen la metodología del programa. La sensibilidad materna, el estrés de crianza y el uso de severas prácticas de disciplinas del tipo "disciplinaviolenta" se midieron antes (pre-examen) y después de la intervención (posterior al examen) en un grupo muestra de 43 madres que participaron en el programa. Los análisis mostraron un aumento significativo en la observada sensibilidad materna, así como una reducción en el estrés de crianza reportado por la madre, problemas del niño y el uso de severas prácticas de disciplinas del tipo "disciplinaviolenta" desde el pre-examen hasta después del examen. Estos resultados se discuten en términos del valor potencial de las culturalmente sensibles intervenciones centradas en la afectividad con cuidadores que crían a sus niños en asentamientos no occidentales afectados por la vulnerabilidad económica.
Cette étude pilote présente des données préliminaires sur l'efficacité de « Strong Bonds, Strong Pikin ¼ (SBSP), un programme d'intervention brève qui a pour but d'améliorer la sensibilité chez les mères qui prennent soin de leur enfant d'âge préscolaire dans un bidonville de Freetown en Sierra Leone. Le SBSP adapte les principes de la théorie de l'attachement à une intervention dans un contexte non-occidentale, où les familles souffrent d'une pauvreté extrême. Une combinaison de psychoéducation, de travail de groupe, de commentaires vidéo, et de d'art de conter définit la méthodologie de ce programme. La sensibilité maternelle, le stress de parentage et l'utilisation de pratiques disciplinaires dures et violentes sont mesurés avant (prétest) et après l'intervention (post-test) chez un échantillon de 43 mères qui ont participé au programme. Les analyses ont montré une augmentation importante dans la sensibilité maternelle observée ainsi une baisse dans le stress de parentage rapporté par les mères, une baisse des problèmes avec l'enfant et une baisse dans l'utilisation de pratiques disciplinaires dures et violentes du prétest au post test. Ces résultats sont discutés en termes de valeur potentielle d'interventions sensibles culturellement adaptées et centrées sur l'attachement avec des personnes qui élèvent leurs enfants dans des contextes non-occidentaux et affectées par une vulnérabilité économique.
