RESUMO
Background Variants of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) appear to behave biologically differently. Several histological patterns impact the concept of low-risk (indolent) and high-risk (aggressive) types in the head and neck. This study aims to assess the biological behavior of BCC variants by immunohistochemical expression of S100, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), podoplanin, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)neu biomarkers. Methodology A total of 65 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of BCC of the head and neck were retrieved from the collections of the Histopathology Department of the Medical City Teaching Complex and the Ghazi Al-Harerri Hospital at the University of Baghdad's College of Dentistry, spanning the years 2015 through 2021. S100, α-SMA, podoplanin, MMP-13, and HER2neu biomarkers were used to perform immunohistochemical analysis (Abcam). Results This study noticed different expressions of S100, α-SMA, podoplanin, MMP-13, and HER2neu between different variants. There was no immunohistochemical expression in perineural invasion with all cases of BCC variants. The highest expression was seen in HER2neu, MMP-13, and α-SMA with aggressive histological patterns. There was no podoplanin lymphatic vessel density immunoexpressing in all variants, while tumoral podoplanin showed a significant difference in all variants. HER2neu was correlated with all other biomarkers. Conclusions HER2neu, MMP-13, and α-SMA biomarkers can be used as diagnostic markers to predict the aggressive biological behavior of BCC tumors.
RESUMO
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous hormone-dependent disease. Potential prognosis depends on the clinicopathological evaluation and assessment of other prognostic indicators. The detection of the oestrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/neu) and BRCA1 oncoprotein is pivotal for prognostic evaluation and to choose the appropriate post-surgical adjuvant therapy beside selecting the proper candidate for genetic counselling. OBJECTIVES: To detect the immunoexpression of the BRCA1 oncoprotein in mammary invasive ducal carcinoma and its association with the prognostic markers (ER, PR and Her2/neu hormonal receptors) and other clinicopathological parameters to improve the patients' treatment plans. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design including 83 paraffin blocks and histological slides collected from Al-Jumhoori Medical City Teaching Hospital Laboratory in Mosul and the Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad between the 1st of January 2010 to the 13th of March 2012 for patients diagnosed with primary invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal antibodies against ER, PR, Her2/neu receptors and BRCA1 protein was performed via the fully automated immunostaining instrument 'Ventana Benchmark'. RESULTS: BRCA1 protein immunoexpression was detected in 20.5% of cases. It was significantly high with increasing tumour grade and stage. Although there was a trend of BRCA1 negativity toward negative ER, PR and Her2 receptors, no significant associations were observed with any of these parameters and the patients' age. CONCLUSION: Altered BRCA1 expression is significantly associated with advanced tumour grade and stage. High number of cases with negative BRCA1 expression showed negative ER, PR and Her2/neu expression.
