Systematic review of health policy and behavioral economics: A neglected point in health promotion.

BACKGROUND: Health policymakers use a variety of policy tools. These policies are either based on external factors or are based on paternal considerations; people may need to have help in the selection of items that may be regretted about them in the future. However, recent research on behavioral economics shows that major decision-making mistakes are not only limited to vulnerable groups but also are ubiquitous and systematic. The purpose of this study was on health policy making with a behavioral economics approach in health promotion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The eligible studies were obtained from Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The search strategy uses a combination of keywords in the titles. The keywords of behavioral economics along with the keyword of health have been used to find related articles. RESULTS: After deleting duplicate articles, a total of 38 articles were identified. After reviewing the title and abstract, 13 studies were omitted because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Ten articles were removed from the found articles due to the unavailability of the full text and four articles were excluded because their method was quantitative. Finally, a total of 11 articles were eligible for including this review study. CONCLUSION: Recent research on behavioral economics shows that decision-making errors are not limited to vulnerable groups but are ubiquitous and systematic. Forgotten income or negligible income is very high and is reasonably explained by transaction costs. Educational interventions often have little effect and do not benefit from basic cost-benefit tests. In addition, the seemingly insignificant aspects of choice-frameworks and assumptions-often have a profound effect on behavior.

Investigation of occupational fatigue and safety climate among nurses using the structural equation model.

BACKGROUND: Nursing is associated with many stressful situations that can lead to fatigue, reduced efficiency, and physical and mental illness. Safety climate is one of the most important indicators of safety management performance assessment that assesses employees' attitudes towards safety issues. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between safety climate and occupational fatigue in nurses. METHOD: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Zabol University of Medical Sciences in 2019. 143 nurses were selected by the proportional sampling method and entered the study. Demographic questionnaires, Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI), and Nurses' Safety Assessment Questionnaire were used for data collection. Statistical tests, including Independent T-Test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the results using SPSS software version 21, and the multivariate structural equation was used for modeling. RESULTS: The mean scores of safety climate and occupational fatigue were 67.15±12.73 and 85.09±41.49, respectively. Job and demographic variables except for the second job (P-value = 0.065) had a significant effect on the variables of safety climate and occupational fatigue. There were also higher scores for occupational fatigue and all of its subscales in the group of women compared to the group of men. CONCLUSION: The results showed that occupational and demographic variables have significant effects on safety climate and occupational fatigue. There was a significant relationship between demographic variables of age, work experience, and education level with safety climate. There was also a significant relationship between education level, job satisfaction, satisfaction with colleagues and work experience with occupational fatigue. Therefore, paying attention to fatigue and safety climate of nurses in workplaces is recommended.

Investigation of the relationship between the safety climate and occupational fatigue among the nurses of educational hospitals in Zabol.

INTRODUCTION: Some working and organizational conditions, such as psychological stress and shift work, are factors that threaten the health of staff working in health centers. These factors can cause fatigue in a long time. Fatigue reduces the ability to process information and decrease to respond to hazardous conditions and will affect the safety of the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between safety climate and occupational fatigue in nurses working in Zabol city. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 143 nurses working in educational hospitals of Zabol in 2019. The proportional sampling method was used, and the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Questionnaire and the Nurses Safety Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and SPSS-21 software. RESULTS: In the present study, 57.3% were women and 42.7% were men. The mean score of occupational fatigue was 85.09 ± 41.49, and the mean score of safety climate was 67.15 ± 12.73. There is a significant inverse relationship between occupational fatigue and safety climate. The comparison of safety climate and its subscales between occupational and demographic variables showed that the score of male supervisors' attitude was 01.36 ± 2.41 while the score of female supervisors' attitude was 8.88 ± 2.61, and this difference was significant. Furthermore, cumulative burnout, the attitude of supervisors, and the safety climate were significantly different between different educational levels. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that there is a relationship between occupational fatigue and safety climate. Issues related to safety and risk factors in hospitals due to the high risk of disease outbreak and mortality, in addition to being economical, are important in terms of the human aspect as well. In addition, the activity of nursing staff is more important compared to other groups because of providing health care and communicating with patients; thus, more education about the safety climate of the workplace environment in hospitals can reduce nurses' fatigue.

Shift working disorders among nurses of Tehran hospital and its related factors in 2016.

INTRODUCTION: Many adverse effects occur among the nurses due to shift work Hence, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of shift work-related disorders and its related factor among the nurses at Tehran University Subsidiary Hospital, Iran, and to find solutions for managing the relevant health problems. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the Survey of Shift workers (SOS) questionnaire and the Personal Information Form were used to collect data related to demographics and working conditions of 1259 randomly selected nurses working at Tehran University Subsidiary Hospital as statistical population. RESULTS: According to the results, psychological disorders (95%), digestive problems (85%) and social problems (80%) were the most frequent problems among the subjects. Additionally, the satisfaction rate was higher among the volunteer nurses compared to nurses who were forced to do shift work (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The nurses volunteered for shift work had higher satisfaction rate compared to nurses forced to shift work system; moreover, they had more job satisfaction and less shift work-related complaints. Therefore, it is important to select the nurses who are volunteer for shift work system. In addition, the shift work schedule in hospitals should be set based on workload and requirements because the shift schedule can adversely influence the social and family issues of the nurses, as well as their sleep quality and body biological process.