Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 9 de 9
Filtrar
1.
Trop Biomed ; 33(4): 739-745, 2016 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33579070

RESUMO

Entamoeba species are commonly detected in stool samples of Orang Asli due to their substandard living conditions and poor hygiene. Among the Entamoeba spp., Entamoeba histolytica is the only known primary pathogenic species. This study determined the prevalence and distribution of anti-amoebic IgG antibody among Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. The results would reflect the prevalence of amoebiasis in the population. This study analysed a total of 375 serum samples from archives of two Orang Asli projects conducted between 2011 and 2014. They were from six different states in Malaysia, namely Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, and Selangor. Anti-amoebic IgG antibody was detected using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with crude soluble antigen produced from axenically grown E. histolytica trophozoites. From the analysis, the overall seropositivity was approximately 71% (266/375), while the seropositivity rates for each of the three Orang Asli tribes i.e. Senoi, Negrito and Proto-Malay, were 66% (137/208), 92% (103/112), and 43% (17/ 41) respectively. Orang Asli from Kedah [95% (52/55)] showed the highest seropositivity, followed by Kelantan [79% (54/68)], Perak [73% (78/107)], Pahang [60% (57/95)], Selangor [56% (14/25)], and Johor [48% (10/21)]. Orang Asli from rural [76% (192/254)] and peripheral urban [65% (69/106)] areas showed significantly higher seropositivity (p=0.002) than those from urban areas [36% (4/11)]. The high prevalences of anti-amoebic IgG antibody in these Orang Asli populations comprised both active and past infections. This study provides current insights of amoebiasis in selected Orang Asli settlements in Peninsular Malaysia. The high seropositivity of anti-amoebic IgG antibody suggests that the settlements are endemic for amoebiasis and there is a high risk of acquiring E. histolytica infection among the dwellers.

2.
Tropical Biomedicine ; : 739-745, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-630853

RESUMO

Entamoeba species are commonly detected in stool samples of Orang Asli due to their substandard living conditions and poor hygiene. Among the Entamoeba spp., Entamoeba histolytica is the only known primary pathogenic species. This study determined the prevalence and distribution of anti-amoebic IgG antibody among Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. The results would reflect the prevalence of amoebiasis in the population. This study analysed a total of 375 serum samples from archives of two Orang Asli projects conducted between 2011 and 2014. They were from six different states in Malaysia, namely Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, and Selangor. Anti-amoebic IgG antibody was detected using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with crude soluble antigen produced from axenically grown E. histolytica trophozoites. From the analysis, the overall seropositivity was approximately 71% (266/375), while the seropositivity rates for each of the three Orang Asli tribes i.e. Senoi, Negrito and Proto-Malay, were 66% (137/208), 92% (103/112), and 43% (17/ 41) respectively. Orang Asli from Kedah [95% (52/55)] showed the highest seropositivity, followed by Kelantan [79% (54/68)], Perak [73% (78/107)], Pahang [60% (57/95)], Selangor [56% (14/25)], and Johor [48% (10/21)]. Orang Asli from rural [76% (192/254)] and peripheral urban [65% (69/106)] areas showed significantly higher seropositivity (p=0.002) than those from urban areas [36% (4/11)]. The high prevalences of anti-amoebic IgG antibody in these Orang Asli populations comprised both active and past infections. This study provides current insights of amoebiasis in selected Orang Asli settlements in Peninsular Malaysia. The high seropositivity of anti-amoebic IgG antibody suggests that the settlements are endemic for amoebiasis and there is a high risk of acquiring E. histolytica infection among the dwellers.

3.
PLoS One ; 10(10): e0138247, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26473369

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diets rich in whole grain are associated with several health benefits. Little is known however, about whole grain consumption patterns in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to assess whole grain intakes and dietary source in Malaysian children and adolescents. METHODS: This analysis is from the MyBreakfast study, a national cross sectional study investigating eating habits among primary and secondary school children throughout Malaysia, conducted in 2013. Children (n = 5,165) and adolescents (n = 2,947) who completed two days of dietary assessment using a food record or recall respectively were included. The whole grain content of foods was estimated mainly through the use of quantitative ingredient declarations on food labels. All wholegrain foods were considered irrespective of the amount of whole grain they contained. RESULTS: Overall, only 25% of children and 19% of adolescents were wholegrain consumers. Mean daily intakes in the total sample were 2.3g/d (SD 5.8 g/d) in children and 1.7 g/d (SD 4.7 g/d) in adolescents and in the consumer's only sample, mean intakes reached 9.1g/d (SD 8.6) and 9.2g/d (SD 7.1g/d) respectively. Wheat was the main grain source of whole grain while ready to eat breakfast cereals and hot cereals were the main food contributors. Less than 3% of the children and adolescents reached the US quantitative whole grain recommendation of 48 g/day. CONCLUSION: Whole grain is consumed by only a minority of Malaysian children and adolescents and even among consumers, intakes are well below recommendations. Efforts are needed to firstly understand the barriers to whole grain consumption among Malaysian children in order to design effective health promotion initiatives to promote an increase in whole grain consumption.


Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares , Grãos Integrais , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Malásia , Masculino
4.
J Dev Orig Health Dis ; 5(2): 142-51, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24847700

RESUMO

Although numerous studies have been conducted to examine the causal factors of childhood obesity, the implications of intrauterine oxidative stress on early postnatal adiposity development remain to be elucidated. The Universiti Sains Malaysia Birth Cohort Study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal oxidative stress levels on the development of infant adiposity during the first year of life. This study was conducted on the healthy pregnant women aged 19-40 years, from April 2010 to December 2012 in Kelantan, Malaysia. Maternal blood samples were drawn in the second trimester to analyse for oxidative stress markers. Infant anthropometric measurements were taken at birth, 2, 6 and 12 months of age. A total of 153 pregnant women and full-term infants were included in the analysis. Statistical test was conducted by using multiple linear regression. Through the infant first year of life, as maternal DNA damage level in the second trimester increased, infant weights at birth (ß=-0.122, P<0.001), 2 months (ß=-0.120, P=0013), 6 months (ß=-0.209, P=0.003) and 12 months of age (ß=-0.241, P=0.006) decreased after adjusting for confounders. Similar results were noted when infant body mass index-for-age Z-scores and triceps skinfold-for-age Z-scores were used as the adiposity indicators. In conclusion, the present study shows a consistent inverse association between maternal DNA damage and infant adiposity during the first year of life. These infants with reduced growth and adiposity in early postnatal life may have a high tendency to experience catch-up growth during childhood, which could be strongly associated with later obesity.


Assuntos
Adiposidade , Estresse Oxidativo , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Malásia , Gravidez
5.
Malays J Nutr ; 18(1): 57-66, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23713230

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate accelerometer-determined physical activity level of 233 Malay government employees (104 men, 129 women) working in the Federal Government Building Penang, Malaysia. METHODS: Body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage and blood pressure were measured for each respondent. All the respondents were asked to wear an accelerometer for 3 days. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated using a standard formulas. Fasting blood sample was obtained to determine the lipid profile and glucose levels of the respondents. RESULTS: Based on the accelerometer-determined physical activity level, almost 65% of the respondents were categorised as sedentary. Approximately 50.2% of the respondents were overweight or obese. There were negative but significant relationships between body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.353, p < 0.05), body fat percentage (r = -0.394, p < 0.05), waist circumference (WC) (r = -0.198, p < 0.05) and physical activity level. Sedentary individuals had a higher risk than moderate to active individuals of having a BMI more than or equal to 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.55-5.05), an-risk classified WC (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.01-3.20), and a body fat percentage classified as unhealthy (OR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.41-6.44). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that accelerometer-determined physical activity level is a significant factor associated with obesity in this study. The high prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity found among respondents of this study indicate a need for implementing intervention programmes among this population.


Assuntos
Acelerometria , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea , Composição Corporal , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Governo , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Saúde Ocupacional , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Circunferência da Cintura , Relação Cintura-Quadril
6.
Malays J Nutr ; 17(1): 1-18, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22135861

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to develop and examine the validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among Malay pregnant women in Kelantan, Malaysia. METHODS: A total of 177 Malay pregnant women participated in the validation study while 85 of them participated in the reproducibility study which was carried out in the antenatal clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. The newly developed FFQ was validated against two 24-hour dietary recalls (DR). The FFQ was repeated 20 to 28 days apart. RESULTS: Results showed that the FFQ moderately over-estimated the nutrient and food intakes compared to the DR. Spearman correlation coefficients for nutrients ranged from 0.24 (fat) to 0.61 (calcium) and for foods, ranged from 0.13 (organ meats, onion and garlic) to 0.57 (malt drink). For nutrients, 72 to 85% of women were classified into the correct quartiles from the FFQ and the DR while for foods, 67 to 85% of women were classified correctly. Bland-Altman plot showed relatively good agreement between these two dietary methods. The intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to estimate reproducibility. It ranged from 0.75 (vitamin C) to 0.94 (phosphorus) for nutrients while it ranged from 0.73 (confectionary) to 0.96 (coffee) for foods. CONCLUSION: On average, at least 90% of pregnant women were correctly classified into the quartiles for nutrients and foods from the two sets of the FFQ. The FFQ presented acceptable reproducibility and appears to be a valid tool for categorising pregnant women according to dietary intake.


Assuntos
Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Ingestão de Alimentos , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Malásia , Serviços de Saúde Materna , Gravidez , Trimestres da Gravidez , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto Jovem
7.
Malays J Nutr ; 17(2): 189-200, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22303573

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between gender, birth weight, nutritional status, and iron status of children with their academic performance and cognitive function. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-nine children, seven to nine years of age, were recruited by systematic sampling from six primary schools in a rural area in Malaysia. Cognitive function was assessed by using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (R-CPM). Academic performance of the children was recorded from their school final examination results in four subjects including Malay language, English, Mathematics, and Science. Birth weight was recorded from the birth certificate, and nutritional status was determined by weight-for-age z score and height-for-age z score. RESULTS: Girls had a significantly higher score in all the academic tests, but a lower cognitive score compared to boys. Nutritional status was found to be correlated significantly with academic performance. Academic and cognitive function scores were also found to be correlated significantly with birth weight, parents' education, and family income. In a multivariate analysis, gender remained the significant predictor of academic function, and iron status and haemoglobin were the significant predictors of cognitive function, after controlling for other variables. CONCLUSION: The study showed that girls performed better academically than boys in rural Malaysia. Nutritional status, parents' education and family income could be additional modifiable factors to improve academic performance of the children. More attention is needed to improve academic achievements of boys at their early school years.


Assuntos
Cognição , Escolaridade , Estado Nutricional , Criança , Proteção da Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Malásia , Masculino , População Rural , Fatores Sexuais , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 42(5): 1214-23, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22299448

RESUMO

Maternal nutrition has a programming effect on fetal growth. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between maternal micronutrient, fruit and vegetable intake with birth size. Nutrient and food intake were examined using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. One hundred twenty-one pregnant women at 28 to 38 weeks gestation aged 19-40 years, were recruited from the Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital, Malaysia. Birth weight, length and head circumference were obtained from the medical records. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results indicate no significant association between any of the measured micronutrients and birth size. However, 2 of the 6 vegetable subgroups and those consumed fruit during pregnancy had children whose birth size was significantly associated with consumption. An increase of 10 g of leafy vegetables per day was associated with a 1.78 cm increase in head circumference (p = 0.04), and tuber vegetable intake was associated with birth length (beta = 0.21, p = 0.03) and head circumference (beta = 0.21, p = 0.01). Fruit intake was associated with birth weight (beta = 0.19, p = 0.04), birth length (beta = 0.20, p = 0.04) and head circumference (beta = 0.19, p = 0.03). The lack of association between maternal nutrient intake and fetal growth and the significant association between fruit and vegetable intake and birth size suggests the existence of other micronutrients and phytochemicals present in foods that play an important role in birth size. The types of nutrients and their roles in birth size warrant further investigation.


Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Pré-Natal/fisiologia , Verduras , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Entrevistas como Assunto , Modelos Lineares , Malásia , Avaliação Nutricional , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem
9.
Malays J Nutr ; 16(2): 261-70, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22691931

RESUMO

Iron deficiency and anaemia affect millions of children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of iron deficiency with or without anaemia on cognitive functions, specifically with short-term memory, attention and visual motor coordination in children. A total of 173 primary school children was enrolled. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Three sub-tests were selected to assess processing speed (coding test), immediate auditory memory (digit span test) and visual processing and problem solving ability (maze test). The results showed significant correlation between age and coding test (r =0.38, p< 0.001), digit span test (r =0.16, p = 0.028), and maze test scores (r =0.28, p< 0.001), and the total sub-test scores (r=0.43, p < .001). After age adjustment of the cognitive function tests, iron deficient children without anaemia scored significantly lower than the healthy children (p< 0.001) on coding test, while iron deficient children with anaemia and iron deficient children without anaemia scored significantly lower (p< 0.001) than the healthy counterparts on maze test. No significant differences were observed on digit-span score among the groups. This study confirms the negative effect of both iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia on processing speed and visual motor coordination in children.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...