Gamma Amino Butyric Acid Attenuates Brain Oxidative Damage Associated with Insulin Alteration in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) in insulin disturbance and hyperglycemia associated with brain oxidative damage in streptozotocin-treated rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to male albino rats as a single intraperitoneal dose (60 mg/kg body weight). GABA (200 mg/Kg body weight/day) was administered daily via gavages during 3 weeks to STZ-treated-rats. Male albino rats Sprague-Dawley (10 ± 2 weeks old; 120 ± 10 g body weight) were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats and treated in parallel. (1) Control group: received distilled water, (2) GABA group: received GABA, (3) STZ group: STZ-treated rats received distilled water, (4) STZ + GABA group: STZ-treated rats received GABA. Rats were sacrificed after a fasting period of 12 h next last dose of GABA. The results obtained showed that STZ-treatment produced hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency (similar to type1 Diabetes). These changes were associated with oxidative damage in brain tissue and notified by significant decreases of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in parallel to significant increases of malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein products levels. The histopathology reports also revealed that STZ-treatment produced degeneration of pancreatic cells. The administration of GABA to STZ-treated rats preserved pancreatic tissue with improved insulin secretion, improved glucose level and minimized oxidative stress in brain tissues. It could be concluded that GABA might protect the brain from oxidative stress and preserve pancreas tissues with adjusting glucose and insulin levels in Diabetic rats and might decrease the risk of neurodegenerative disease in diabetes.

The efficacy of posterior plating and anterior column screw fixation in the management of T-shaped acetabular fractures - CART analysis of prospective cohort study.

T-shaped acetabular fractures are challenging injuries. The goal of surgical treatment is to achieve a stable and a concentric reduction of the femoral head under the anatomically reduced weight-bearing dome. There is an ongoing debate about the ideal approach and fixation method for T-shaped fractures. In this study, a group of 34 patients with T-shaped acetabular fractures were treated by posterior plating and anterior column screw. All patients, were followed for at least two years or until hip replacement. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to report the rate of postoperative radiological results together with the early clinical outcome. Anatomical reduction was achieved in 62%, satisfactory reduction of the anterior column with restoration of hip congruency in 82% with excellent to good clinical outcome in 75% of cases. We used classification regression trees (CART) to select the important predictors and generate hypotheses on interaction among them. Residual anterior column displacement >3.5mm was associated with poor clinical results. In cases with residual displacement <3.5mm, the presence of a posterior wall fracture was an independent negative predictor.

Accuracy of reduction and early clinical outcome in acetabular fractures treated by the standard ilio-inguinal versus the Stoppa/iliac approaches.

In acetabular fractures, the correct choice of the surgical approach is mandatory to achieve accurate reduction and to avoid complications. Anterior approaches include the ilio-inguinal, the Stoppa, the ilio-femoral and the para-rectal exposures. The first two are the most commonly used approaches nowadays. The aim of this study was to compare these two approaches. The standard three window ilio-inguinal approach was compared to the intra-pelvic Stoppa approach with an added iliac window. The study enrolled 54 patients. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 33 patients presented with acetabular fractures and had ORIF starting with an ilio-inguinal exposure. This group was compared to a second group of 21 patients who were treated with the Stoppa/iliac window approach. All patients were treated by one surgical team. The accuracy of reduction, the early clinical results and the approach related complications were compared.

Plasma lipid peroxides among workers exposed to silica or asbestos dusts.

Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (an indicator of lipid peroxidation) was determined in random samples of workers (age range 25-60 years) exposed to silica dust (n = 31, mean exposure duration 21.3 +/- 8.3 years) or asbestos dust (n = 59, mean exposure duration 15.6 +/- 4.5 years) and in 52 age-matched healthy male controls. MDA levels of both exposed groups were significantly higher than that of the controls and were significantly higher among workers exposed to asbestos than among those exposed to silica dusts. Neither age nor smoking was related to MDA levels among both controls and exposed workers; among the latter group MDA was not significantly correlated with duration of exposure. Mean MDA levels of exposed workers with radiographic signs of lung fibrosis or pleural thickening and of those without such signs were not significantly different, except in the case of asbestos-exposed workers where it was significantly less than that of those without such signs. Differences between mean durations of dust exposure of workers with radiographic signs of lung fibrosis and those without such signs were statistically insignificant. The results suggest the possible involvement of lipid peroxidation on exposure to silica or asbestos dusts in humans and possible development of antioxidant mechanism(s) on prolonged dust exposure and support the opinion that development of pneumoconiosis depends on susceptibility factor(s).