Prevalence of dietary supplement use and knowledge, attitudes, practice (KAP) and associated factors in student population: A cross-sectional study.

Dietary supplements (DSs) intake has been increasing worldwide despite no consensus evidence for the efficacy and safety of disease prevention, control, or treatment in nutrient-replete populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DSs use, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and associated factors among university students in Jordan. A national cross-sectional study was carried over across universities in Jordan. Participants completed a valid and reliable online questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.802 and correlation coefficients between 0.72 and 0.26). Univariate analyses were used to determine the relationship between variables. Multivariable regression was carried out to identify significant factors contributing DSs usage. A total of 448 university students completed the study (73.7% females). More than half of the students used DSs (60.9%), with single-nutrient ingredient supplements being the most commonly used type. The primary motivators were maintaining health and most students reported no side effects associated with consumption. The results revealed poor knowledge, a negative attitude towards DSs usage among all participants, even non-users, and high-risk practices among the DSs users. Normal weight and overweight individuals were more likely to use DSs (OR:2.88, 95%CI:1.61-5.16, OR:1.95, 95%CI:1.01-3.79, respectively). Low and medium-family income categories were more likely to use DSs than those in the high-income category (OR: 0.04, 95%CI: 0.02-0.07, OR: 0.06, 95CI:0.03-0.11, respectively). Undergraduate students were more likely to use DSs than postgraduate students (OR:5.56, 95%CI:3.19-9.69). In this study, a high prevalence of DSs use was highlighted. The results suggest that nutrition education is required to improve awareness of DSs and to promote safe practices.

Association of salary and intention to stay with the job satisfaction of the dietitians in Jordan: A cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine job satisfaction among the Jordanian dietitians, the factors associated with job satisfaction, and the relationship between job satisfaction and intent to stay. A convenience sample of 600 dieticians performed a self-reported online survey. Most of the participants were females (83.2%), <30 years of age (68.3%) with a BSc degree in nutrition (77.3%). Results revealed that 20% of the dietitians were dissatisfied at work, 69.8% were neither dissatisfied nor satisfied, and 10.2% were satisfied. The satisfaction for the total score in all examined domains was neither dissatisfaction nor satisfaction, except for the salary. Participants with higher monthly salaries were 1.53 more likely to have higher job satisfaction than those with lower monthly salaries (CI 95%, (0.503-2.55)). Intention to stay was positively correlated with the total job satisfaction and all domains except the knowledge and skills domain (p-value = 0.22). The main aspect that needs to be addressed and re-evaluated is to improve dietitians job satisfaction is the salary. The findings of this study point to improving dietitians' work status to attain the best possible health care achievements.

Effect of Covid-19 on food security: A cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and subsequent quarantine could raise the risk of food inadequacy and nutrition deficiency crises. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on household food security in Jordan, determined the percentage of food security and the levels of food insecurity during the quarantine, determined the associated factor with food insecurity, and determined main food groups associated with FINS during the quarantine. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a Web-based validated questionnaire. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale was used to measure the food insecurity during the first four weeks of the quarantine, and a modified food consumption score was used to determine the number of times the household consumes each food group. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to describe, explore, and predict risk factors correlated with food insecurity among Jordanians, during the first four weeks of the quarantine. RESULTS: A total of 3129 Jordanians had responded to the assessment and fully answered the questionnaire. 23.1% of the total participants were severe food insecure, while 36.1% were moderate food insecure, 40.7% were food secure. The regression model demonstrated the monthly income per capita below the poverty line and a number of the family member (1-4 and 5-7) associated significantly with moderate food insecurity (OR: 5.33; 95% CI: 4.44-6.40, OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.86, OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98, respectively). As well as with the severe food insecurity (OR: 6.87; 95% CI: 5.542-8.512, OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.37-0.74, 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48-0.87, respectively). Age 18-30 years old (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.23-2.65) and living in a rented house (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.01-1.69) were associated significantly with severe food insecurity. Carbohydrates and the meat group were significantly related to food insecurity (p-value was <0.001 for both groups). CONCLUSION: Covid-19 and its subsequent quarantine have a tangible impact on food security levels for the populations. Awareness and strategies to support individuals at higher risks should be guided not only by the income but also by other risk factors identified in the present study as the number of persons in the family, younger adults (18-30 years old), and those who do not own their houses).

Educational Intervention Improved Parental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) and Adherence of Patients with Celiac Disease to Gluten-Free Diet.

BACKGROUND: Raising the knowledge level though education for a celiac disease patient's parents could improve the parent's adherence and practice and consequently recover the patient's adherence and symptoms and increase the patient's compliance. AIM: The present study was aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents who have children with celiac disease aged from 2 to 15 years old and the change in self-reported patient's adherence pre-/posteducational intervention. METHOD: This intervention study was designed as a quasiexperiment with evaluation pre-/post intervention analyses. Two educational sessions were carried for the parents of CD patients. A reliable and valid questionnaire was used to assess all independent variables pre-/post intervention. The parents were asked to complete the questionnaire pre and post the education sessions. The time between the sessions was two weeks. RESULTS: 100 parents were recruited, and 40 parents participated and completed the study. Baseline parent's knowledge was significantly associated with the source of information (p value = 0.02), while the patient's adherence was associated with the onset of disease (p value = 0.04). There were significant differences in the parent's KAP and patient's adherence between pre- and posteducational intervention (p value was ≤0.001, for all variables). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, this study suggested that the educational intervention increased the parent's KAP and improved the patient's adherence to the gluten-free diet significantly, which may lead to improvement in the celiac disease patients' health outcomes.