Intraindividual evaluation of the influence of iterative reconstruction and filter kernel on subjective and objective image quality in computed tomography of the brain.

OBJECTIVES: To intraindividually evaluate the potential of 4th generation iterative reconstruction (IR) on brain CT with regard to subjective and objective image quality. METHODS: 31 consecutive raw data sets of clinical routine native sequential brain CT scans were reconstructed with IR level 0 (= filtered back projection), 1, 3 and 4; 3 different brain filter kernels (smooth/standard/sharp) were applied respectively. Five independent radiologists with different levels of experience performed subjective image rating. Detailed ROI analysis of image contrast and noise was performed. Statistical analysis was carried out by applying a random intercept model. RESULTS: Subjective scores for the smooth and the standard kernels were best at low IR levels, but both, in particular the smooth kernel, scored inferior with an increasing IR level. The sharp kernel scored lowest at IR 0, while the scores substantially increased at high IR levels, reaching significantly best scores at IR 4. Objective measurements revealed an overall increase in contrast-to-noise ratio at higher IR levels, which was highest when applying the soft filter kernel. The absolute grey-white contrast decreased with an increasing IR level and was highest when applying the sharp filter kernel. All subjective effects were independent of the raters' experience and the patients' age and sex. CONCLUSION: Different combinations of IR level and filter kernel substantially influence subjective and objective image quality of brain CT.

Impact of a 4th generation iterative reconstruction technique on image quality in low-dose computed tomography of the chest in immunocompromised patients.

PURPOSE: To determine the image quality of an iterative reconstruction (IR) technique in low-dose MDCT (LDCT) of the chest of immunocompromised patients in an intraindividual comparison to filtered back projection (FBP) and to evaluate the dose reduction capability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 chest LDCT scans were performed in immunocompromised patients (Brilliance iCT; 20-40 mAs; mean CTDIvol: 1.7 mGy). The raw data were reconstructed using FBP and the IR technique (iDose4™, Philips, Best, The Netherlands) set to seven iteration levels. 30 routine-dose MDCT (RDCT) reconstructed with FBP served as controls (mean exposure: 116 mAs; mean CDTIvol: 7.6 mGy). Three blinded radiologists scored subjective image quality and lesion conspicuity. Quantitative parameters including CT attenuation and objective image noise (OIN) were determined. RESULTS: In LDCT high iDose4™ levels lead to a significant decrease in OIN (FBP vs. iDose7: subscapular muscle 139.4 vs. 40.6 HU). The high iDose4™ levels provided significant improvements in image quality and artifact and noise reduction compared to LDCT FBP images. The conspicuity of subtle lesions was limited in LDCT FBP images. It significantly improved with high iDose4™ levels (> iDose4). LDCT with iDose4™ level 6 was determined to be of equivalent image quality as RDCT with FBP. CONCLUSION: iDose4™ substantially improves image quality and lesion conspicuity and reduces noise in low-dose chest CT. Compared to RDCT, high iDose4™ levels provide equivalent image quality in LDCT, hence suggesting a potential dose reduction of almost 80%.

[Prevention of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism after coronary angiography]. / Zur Vorbeugung jodinduzierter Hyperthyreosen nach Koronarangiographie.

Coronary angiography (CA) is followed by an iodine load of 15 to 20 mg for the thyroid and may be the cause of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. 60 consecutive patients hospitalized for CA without any thyroid history were examined and 56 had thyroid diseases with normal thyroid function. 33 patients still showed a significant decrease of 20 min Technetium uptake (TcU) and an increase of urine iodine excretion because of iodine excess 12 weeks after CA. 3 patients developed latent hyperthyroidism. 27 patients received medication of 1 g natrium-perchlorate and 60 mg methimazole 24 hours before and on the day of CA. These patients showed normal TcU and urine iodine excretion 4 and 12 weeks after CA. 1 out of these 27 patients developed overt hyperthyroidism but had PTCA without premedication 2 weeks after CA. Since Iodine excess leads to iodine-induced hyperthyroidism even in euthyroids a prophylaxis with perchlorate and methimazole is generally recommended in patients with CA.