Assuntos
Vigilância da População/métodos , Gestão da Segurança/métodos , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/etiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Causas de Morte , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The health status and health outcomes of many ethnic minorities have remained poor, or have deteriorated, despite massive health promotion campaigns. Multiple factors that encourage ethnic minorities to engage in high-risk behaviors and those that discourage health promotive behaviors must be closely examined before any health interventions are likely to be successful in decreasing substance abuse, high-risk sex, accidental deaths and injuries, and violence. Cultural and contextual factors may put some ethnic minorities in jeopardy and at higher risk for poorer health than their White counterparts (B. W. K. Yee, 1995, in press). This review article identifies contributing factors in high-risk behaviors and highlights research gaps for Americans of African, Indian, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Hispanic descent.
Assuntos
Etnicidade , Grupos Minoritários , Assunção de Riscos , Violência , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Comportamento Sexual , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controleRESUMO
African-American male adolescents face disproportionate risk for death or injury resulting from assaultive violence. This article presents a public health framework for examining the problem and developing interventions. A brief interdisciplinary review of research is provided on the nature and extent of the problem, its etiology, and current approaches to prevention. Attention is called to intra- and intergroup differences in patterns among White and ethnic minority youth and to specific theories and research about assaultive violence among young African-American men. Emerging imperatives in the search for solutions are identified, emphasizing the need for cultural sensitivity in the design of preventive interventions and an expanded role for psychologists in the public health response to this critical health problem.
Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia , Saúde Pública , Violência , Adolescente , Humanos , Delinquência Juvenil/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , Meio SocialRESUMO
Homicide and nonfatal injuries resulting from interpersonal violence are significant contributors to the excess early mortality and morbidity of African-American youth. Although there is growing recognition of the need for prevention programs specifically directed to these youth, culturally relevant programs to reduce aggression and victimization in high-risk racial and ethnic groups are virtually nonexistent. This article reports preliminary findings of a program to train African-American adolescents in social skills, an approach which shows promise as a means of preventing violence. The pilot study suggests a need for continued research on this and other prevention approaches to reduce the disproportionate--and preventable--risk of injury or death for this vulnerable population.
Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Violência , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia Comportamental , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Three Beagles with chronic anemia and reticulocytosis were studied. The dogs originated from a large breeding colony and appeared clinically normal with the exception of splenomegaly. The PCV ranged from 30 to 39% (normal, 46 to 56%), with reticulocyte indices of 2.3 to 9.9. Red blood cells were morphologically normal, and examination of marrow aspirates revealed erythroid hyperplasia. Shortened chromium-51 RBC life-spans (7.2 to 15.4 days in anemic dogs; 22.2 to 25.2 days in control dogs) documented a hemolytic anemia. Acquired causes of hemolytic anemia were ruled out. Red blood cells had normal glycolytic enzyme activities, no evidence of unstable or abnormal hemoglobin, and had altered osmotic fragility curves. The breeding of 2 anemic dogs resulted in offspring with anemia and reticulocytosis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no abnormalities in RBC membrane cytoskeletal proteins in all anemic adult dogs and in 3 offspring.
Assuntos
Anemia Hemolítica Congênita/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/genética , Anemia Hemolítica Congênita/genética , Anemia Hemolítica Congênita/patologia , Animais , Medula Óssea/patologia , Cruzamento , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Cães , Envelhecimento Eritrocítico , Eritrócitos/análise , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/análise , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/sangue , Fragilidade Osmótica , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
Disaggregation of seven-day embryonic chick neural retina tissue by eleven different agents produces cells which require variable periods of time to become aggregation competent in culture. The time required between cell isolation and the beginning of inter-cellular adhesion in rotation culture is dependent upon the particular isolating agent used and ranges from zero to sixty minutes.
