[Pleural empyema and lung abscess: current treatment options]. / Pleuraempyem und Lungenabszess: Aktuelle Therapiekonzepte.

Parapneumonic pleural empyema has been classified into different stages and classes. While the American Thoracic Society (ATS) classification is based on the natural course of the disease, Light has classified pleural empyema according to the radiological, physical and biochemical characteristics, and the American College of Chest Physician (ACCP) has categorised the patients with pleural empyema according to the risk of a poor outcome. According to this classification the management of the pleural empyema is based on the stage of the disease. Therapeutic strategies include chest tube, chest tube with fibrinolysis, thoracoscopic debridement and decortication in open or minimally invasive techniques. Primary lung abscesses develop in previously healthy lung parenchyma and are caused by aspiration. In addition, abscess formation can occur without aspiration, and important differences relate to community-acquired, nosocomial abscesses and those in the immunosuppressed host. 90 % of all lung abscesses can be cured with antibiotic treatment alone, 10 % have to be treated with an interventional catheter or chest tubes and only 1 % require thoracic surgery because of complications independent of the former conservative or interventional treatment strategies.

[Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for the management of parapneumonic pleural empyema]. / Videoassistierte thorakoskopische Chirurgie (VATS) zur Behandlung des parapneumonischen Pleuraempyem.

Parapneumonic pleural empyema has been classified by international societies and by pleural diseases experts into different stages and classes. While the American Thoracic Society (ATS) classification is based on the natural course of the disease, Light has classified pleural empyema according to radiological, physical and biochemical characteristics, and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) has categorised patients with pleural empyema according to the risk of a poor outcome. According to these classifications, the management of the pleural empyema is based on the stage of the disease. The recommended treatment options in (ATS) stage I disease (Light classes I-III, ACCP categories I and II) are therapeutic thoracentesis or tube thoracostomy and antibiotics when necessary. In (ATS) stage II disease (Light classes IV-VI, ACCP category III), thoracoscopy (VATS) is the treatment of choice because it has a higher efficacy than treatment strategies that utilise tube thoracostomy or catheter-directed fibrinolytic therapy alone, whereas in (ATS) stage III disease (Light class VII, ACCP category IV), decortication via thoracoscopy or thoracotomy is the treatment of choice.